Effectiveness of hand sanitizers in the prevention of COVID-19 and related public health concerns: A review

Marumure, Jerikias; Makuvara, Zakio; Alufasi, Richwell; Chapungu, Lazarus; Gufe, Claudious

doi:10.1080/27707571.2022.2060904

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This discrepancy in adhering to proper hand hygiene practices is worrisome, considering that hand hygiene is widely recognized as a crucial preventive measure against infection transmission [50,51]. Several studies [52][53][54] have emphasized the importance of hand washing or the use of hand sanitizers in reducing the transmission of diseases in various settings. However, limited research has speci cally focused on hand hygiene practices after handling paper currency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Delisho,

Gorfu,

Yambo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Money bills are handled by the public every day, which means they can carry microorganisms that can be passed from person to person through direct contact. This study aims to assess the public awareness and evaluate the bacterial contamination on Ethiopian paper currency in circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at the microbiology and parasitology laboratory at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. A total of 150 Ethiopian paper currency samples were collected aseptically from different sectors in Arba Minch town for microbial analysis. Results The most common microorganisms isolated from the samples were gram-positive bacteria, with yeast being the least common. These microorganisms were identified as klebissela spp, E. coli, Streptococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Aspergillus spp, and Staphylococcus aureus based on their characteristics observed through phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical analysis. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were evaluated, and both showed higher sensitivity to Vancomycin and Tetracycline antibiotics. Similarly, Klebsiella spp showed higher sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin while exhibiting a lower sensitivity rate (6.6667%) to Ampicillin. In contrast, Ampicillin showed higher activity on the E. coli isolates. Regarding the transmission of diseases through paper currency, a significant majority of participants (79.8%) were aware of the associated risk. However, it is worth noting that more than half of the participants (53.9%) reported that they do not take any precautions after handling paper currency. Conclusion Overall, the study confirms that paper bills are a suitable environment for bacterial growth and could potentially contribute to infections. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about the potential risks associated with mishandling paper currency in all food establishments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Delisho,

Gorfu,

Yambo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Soil pollution derived from COVID-19 control measures mainly originates from the discard of various protective products and/or chemicals release during the pandemic. These include masks (made of materials such as polypropylene, polyester, vinyl strips with acrylic adhesive; Patrício Silva et al, 2021 ), medical gloves (rubber, chloroethene polymers, neoprene, and vinyl; Benson et al, 2021 ), disposable plastic gowns, disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, bleach and alcohols; Dewey et al, 2022 ), hand sanitizers (povidone‑iodine, benzalkonium chloride, triclocarban and ethanol; Marumure et al, 2022 ) and pharmaceuticals (arbidol, chloroquine phosphate, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and acyclovir; Mohamed et al, 2022 ). These pollutants can be classified into solid particulate pollutants (microplastics, rubber particles) and novel entities (disinfectants, hand sanitizers and pharmaceuticals), which belongs to one of nine planetary boundaries and has not been quantified ( Steffen et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Sources Types and Impacts Of Covid-19 Derived Pollutants In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pandemic COVID-19 ends but soil pollution increases: Impacts and a new approach for risk assessment

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Therefore, hand sanitizers containing chlorhexidine are not recommended for use in this outbreak. [2] Therefore, hand sanitizers containing chlorhexidine are not recommended for use in this outbreak. Coronavirus is zoonotic, which means it is a virus that first developed in animals before finally infecting humans.…”

Section: Inclarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Court Problems During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Advocates in Providing Legal Assistance to Clients

Kurniawan

Al-Fatih

Cahyani

2022

KSS

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The World Health Organization (WHO), declared the outbreak of the spread of Covid-19 as the first and foremost health crisis pandemic in the world. Due to the pandemic, human life has changed including legal services provided by advocates where there are rules regarding online trials during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses empirical juridical research methods or field research, namely examining applicable legal provisions and what is happening in reality in society. The problems in this study are: 1. What are the advantages of online trials during the pandemic according to advocates in providing legal assistance to clients? 2. What are the shortcomings of online trials during the pandemic according to advocates in providing legal assistance to the clients? The results show that the advantages of online trials according to advocates include: 1. More practical and easier for the trial because it does not have to be present in court. 2. It is more efficient because case information is in one account. 3. More cost-effective while the disadvantages of online trials according to advocates include: 1. Signal interference and technological devices. 2. Lack of effective law enforcement. 3. Violating the provisions of procedural law in proving. So far, the law has always been far behind in the development of community needs, so progressive law is more open and responsive to changes and is not bound by written law. In this case, the law must be placed in the whole of humanity. Thus, the role of judges is more to ensure the fulfillment of community needs for justice and welfare. This means that the existence of the law should reflect the standard of what is good and bad, fair and unfair. Keywords: online courts, advocates, pandemic Covid-19

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Effectiveness of hand sanitizers in the prevention of COVID-19 and related public health concerns: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Public Awareness and Precautionary Measures for Disease Transmission Prevention: A Microbial Evaluation of Ethiopian Paper Currency in Circulation in Arba Minch Town, SNNPR

Pandemic COVID-19 ends but soil pollution increases: Impacts and a new approach for risk assessment

Online Court Problems During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Advocates in Providing Legal Assistance to Clients

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