Effectiveness of Granular and Liquid Insecticides against <i>Chilo partellus</i> on Maize in Pakistan

Abstract

Considering the economic importance of the maize Zea mays (Poales: Poaceae) crop and the losses caused by the maize stem borer, an experiment was carried out in a plot of 15 m 2 that was equally divided into three replications using randomized complete block design to find the effect of granular and liquid insecticides on Chilo partellus and crop yield. The trial was laid out at the Agricultural Research Station in Baffa, Mansehra, Pakistan during the Kharif season 2015. In this experiment, granular insecticide Carbofuran 3G and liquid insecticides Cypermethrin10 EC, Endosulfan 35 EC, Karate 2.5 EC and Chlorpyrifos 10 EC were used for treating maize stem borer. The obtained results revealed that Carbofuran 3G proved significantly to be the most effective in reducing plant damage, the number of dead heart plants and the number of pest larvae. Additionally, the treatments caused an increase in grain yield. The liquid insecticides Cypermethrin and Karate ranked second, and Endosulfan and Chlorpyrifos ranked third in efficacy against the pest. On the basis of present findings, it was recommended that the granular form of insecticides in general and Carbofuran 3G in particular may be used for effective control of C. partellus in maize crop. The granules should be applied in plant whorls, which will give better results than application through other methods. In the case of foliar applications, Cypermethrin is recommended to get effective control among other liquid formulations. Although the chemical treatments which were used in this research gave good control of C. partellus infestations and increase in yield as compared to check, some variations still occur in the amount of damage, population density of the pest and yield of crop. These differences may be due to differences in types of treatments, methods of experimentation, and environmental factors like temperature, humidity etc.

Comparative Biocidal Potentials of Some Synthetic Insecticides against Maize Stem Borer, Chilopartellus (Swinhoe) under Field Conditions

“…The results of my research work are different from the results ofa few research workers as well. Khan et al (2020) described that granular insecticide carbofuran 3G was noticed as the most effective amongst all tested insecticides while in my research work, Chlorpyriphos 40EC was superior ineffectiveness against C. partellus. Singh et al (2014) found that cypermethrin was highly effective against C. partellus.…”

“…Therefore practical demonstration of such promising toolsforinsect pest management in farmers' fields and economic evaluation of dissimilar insecticidal treatment is essential (Cugala et al, 2006;Bhandari et al, 2016) A wide range of insecticide chemistries and preparations have been used to control this insect pest (Saeed et al, 2006). Liquid and granular type of insecticides have been found effective against C. partellus (Khan et al, 2020). Granular formulations of carbofuran and chlorpyriphos were described as operative against the pest by Bhat and Baba (2007).…”

Comparative efficacy of some granular insecticides against maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) under high efficiency irrigation system

“…All other cropraising practices were carried out to ensure healthy crop and no insecticides other than those comprised in the experiment were practiced. The granular insecticides were applied in the leaf whorls afterward 15 days of germination when the crop was more than 4 leaf stage (Khan et al, 2020). The area of single experimental unit was 578 m 2 .…”

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“…Whilst studies have presented the quest for clean and afford energy by household in developing countries has a problem (Jan, Khan, & Hayat, 2011;Ren et al, 2022), Covert et al, (2016) noted that in developing countries there are few policies on the use of fossil fuel despite the raising cases of air pollution. In fact, Debebe et al (2023) pointed out that ensuring energy security and containing the contribution of energy use to environmental changes remain a source of concern in most African states because of the continuous reliance of about 900 million households on the use of biomass fuel for cooking.…”