Effectiveness of fluoride sealant in the prevention of carious lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation

Abstract

Objective: This article aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Pro Seal fluoride sealant application in the prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of bovine incisors, and five groups were formed (n = 15) according to the exposure of teeth to oral hygiene substances and the application of enamel sealant: G1 (control), only brushing was performed with 1.450 ppm fluoride; G2 (control) brushing associated with the use of mouthwash with 225 ppm fluoride; G3, only Pro Seal sealant application was performed with 1.000 ppm fluoride; G4 Pro Seal associated with brushing; G5 Pro Seal associated with brushing and mouthwash. Experimental groups alternated between pH cycling and the procedures described. All specimens were kept at a temperature of 37 °C throughout the entire experiment. Both brushing and immersion in solutions were performed within a time interval of one minute, followed by washing in deionized water three times a day for 28 days. Afterwards, an evaluation by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of the spectral type was performed. In each group, a scanning exam of the white spot lesion area (around the sites where brackets were bonded) and depth measurement of carious lesions were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine whether there were significant differences among groups. For post hoc analysis, Tukey test was used. Results: There was statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.003), 1 and 3 (p = 0.008), 1 and 4 (p = 0.000) and 1 and 5 (p = 0.000). The group in which only brushing was performed (Group 1) showed deeper enamel lesion. Conclusion: Pro Seal sealant alone or combined with brushing and/or brushing and the use of a mouthwash with fluoride was more effective in protecting enamel, in comparison to brushing alone.

Efficacy of fluoride associated with nano-hydroxyapatite in reducing enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: in situ study

“…Enamel demineralization around orthodontic appliances continues to be a common clinical problem, even in face of the application of fluoridated materials, which minimize but do not solve the problem completely. [1][2][3]7,8 The present study tested in situ a product containing fluoride and nano-hydroxyapatite that reduced demineralization around brackets (Tables 1, 3, 5 and 7), confirming fluoride role on such protection. The in situ model with intraoral devices has been frequently used, as it simulates the caries process that occurs within the oral cavity.…”

“…Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have already demonstrated a demineralization preventive or reducing potential of fluoride-containing products. 3,7,8,21,22 Other studies indicated that preventive programs that use daily fluoride mouthrinses 1,2 may protect the orthodontic patient from white spots, but they are dependent on the cooperation of the patients to achieve such an objective. The topical application of varnishes containing 5000 ppm of fluoride is advantageous in this respect, as it only depends on the professional application, reducing the influence of patient cooperation on the results.…”

“…1,2 Among the most commonly used preventive methods, regular hygiene instruction, fluoridated toothpastes, fluoridated mouthrinses, fluoridated varnishes, adhesives containing fluoride, casein associated to amorphous calcium phosphate and nano-hydroxyapatite have been shown to be effective. 3,[8][9][10][11][12] Nano-hydroxyapatite is considered one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials, due to the increased nanoparticles superficial area, which may facilitate the availability of the material and the reorganization of calcium phosphate ions in the form of hydroxyapatite. [14][15][16] Besides, it's association to fluorides may potentiate its effect, inhibiting demineralization and stimulating remineralization.…”

Optical coherence tomography as a non-invasive method of enamel thickness diagnosis after orthodontic treatment by 3 different types of brackets

“…Other authors are already interested in the topic of OCT imaging in the field of orthodontics, proving our hypothesis that OCT should be incorporated into clinical diagnostics. 19,[36][37][38][39][40]…”

Assessment of cortical bone microdamage following insertion of microimplants using optical coherence tomography: a preliminary study

“…Application of OCT as a non-invasive imaging tool has been used in ophthalmology (Carrasco-Zevallos et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Shirazi et al, 2017), agronomy (Ravichandran et al, 2016a(Ravichandran et al, , 2016bWijesinghe et al, 2017), entomology (Choi et al, 2017;Ravichandran et al, 2017), and industrial inspection (Shirazi et al, 2016) and has been studied for more than two decades. In the field of orthodontics, it has proven to be of value for visualization of changes in the enamel surface after routine orthodontic de-bonding and various demineralization procedures (Koprowski et al, 2014;Pithon et al, 2015;Wijesinghe et al, 2016;Seeliger et al, 2017). The ability of the system to provide a 3-dimensional (3D) image and also 2-dimensional (2D) images with high sub-micron resolution is of note.…”