Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective study

Grover, Sandeep; Chakrabarti, Subho; Hazari, Nandita; Avasthi, Ajit

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.042

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, this number of ECT sessions in the present study was consistent with global figures. 19 We found that in individuals with MDD, the number of ECT treatments in elderly patients (age > 60 years) (13.4) was higher than that in adult patients (9). This result is in contrast with previous studies that found older age to be associated with faster remission in MDD patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…[5][6][7][8] A retrospective study of patients with treatmentresistant schizophrenia who received ECT with clozapine found that the mean number of treatments was 14 (range: 5-45). 9 With respect to mood disorders, a previous study of hospitalized patients who received ECT found that the mean number of treatments needed to achieve remission in patients with bipolar depression (7.5) was lower than that in patients with unipolar depression (10.2). 5 Pitidhammabhorn et al reported that psychiatric inpatients received a mean of 8.6 ECT sessions (range: , and that the number of treatment sessions was similar across psychiatric diagnoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Number of Electroconvulsive Therapy Sessions required for Thai Psychiatric Patients: a Retrospective Study</p>

Ittasakul

Vora-arporn

Waleeprakhon

et al. 2020

NDT

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Objective: To study predictors of the number of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) sessions required for symptom remission in psychiatric patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted chart reviews for 95 patients whose condition remitted following inpatient ECT. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients and compared the number of ECT sessions between adult (age 18-59 years) and elderly (age ≥ 60 years) patients. Results: The overall mean ± SD of the number of ECT sessions was 11.8 ± 4.7 (range: 6-24). By diagnosis, it was 13.3 ± 5.5 for individuals with schizophrenia, 10.1 ± 2.7 for schizoaffective disorder, 14.4 ± 5.6 for bipolar depression, 9.4 ± 1.9 for bipolar mania, 10.9 ± 4.3 for major depressive disorder (MDD), and 11.8 ± 4.3 for those with other diagnoses. For MDD, the number of ECT sessions in elderly patients (13.4 ± 4.6) was statistically greater than that in adult patients (9 ± 2.9) (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The number of ECT sessions varied by age and diagnosis. The number of ECT sessions in elderly MDD patients was higher than that in adult MDD patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Number of Electroconvulsive Therapy Sessions required for Thai Psychiatric Patients: a Retrospective Study</p>

Ittasakul

Vora-arporn

Waleeprakhon

et al. 2020

NDT

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“…Specically, the analysis of bioavailability involves lipophilicity, size, polarity, solubility, saturation and exibility. These properties were well measured in terms of log P (octanol-water partition coefficient), MW (molecular weight), TPSA (topological polar surface area), log S, fraction Csp 3 and the number of rotatable bonds, respectively. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in vivo were predicted with the BOILED-Egg model, 42 including human gastrointestinal absorption (HIA), blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation, cytochrome P450-1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme inhibition and skin permeation (log K p ).…”

Section: Adme and Bioavailability Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular modeling studies of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as novel h-DAAO inhibitors by 3D-QSAR, docking and dynamics simulations

et al. 2018

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Human D-amino acid oxidase (h-DAAO) can effectively act on D-serine, which has been actively explored as a novel therapeutic target for treating schizophrenia. In this study, 37 h-DAAO inhibitors based on a 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione scaffold were obtained to construct the optimal comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA, q 2 ¼ 0.613, r 2 ¼ 0.966) and comparative molecular similarity indexThe results indicate that the models have good predictability and strong stability. Furthermore, contour maps of the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) revealed the relationships between the structural features and inhibitory activity. A total of nine new h-DAAO inhibitors were designed, which exhibited good predicted pIC 50 values. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, four essential residues (i.e., Gly313, Arg283, Tyr224 and Tyr228) were considered to interact with the inhibitor. The hydrogen bonds produced by the triazine structure with protein and the hydrophobic interactions with the residues (i.e., Leu51, His217, Gln53 and Leu215) play an important role in the stability of the inhibitor at the binding site of the protein. Additionally, the compounds D1, D3 and D8, with higher predicted activities, were selected by ADME and bioavailability prediction. The present study could offer a reliable theoretical basis for future structural optimisation, design and synthesis of effective antipsychotics.

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“…The reports, which mentioned the long-term effects, differed significantly in terms of dura-tion of follow-up after the last ECT, which ranged from 3 weeks to 24 months [25]. In one recent study of Grover et al [47] published in 2017, the average follow-up was30 months, during which 72% of patients maintained improvement. In turn, Lally et al [48] indicated in their review that in 32% (20/62) of the patients treated with the combination of ECT and clozapine, the recurrence of symptoms within weeks to months (range of observation from 3 to 468 weeks) after completion of the combined therapy occurred.…”

Section: The Efficacy and Safety Of Ect In Combination With Clozapinementioning

confidence: 99%

Clozapine-resistant schizophrenia – non pharmacological augmentation methods

Gałaszkiewicz

Rębisz

Morylowska-Topolska

et al. 2017

Current Problems of Psychiatry

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Clozapine is the drug of choice for drug-resistant schizophrenia, but despite its use, 30-40% patients fail to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. In such situations, augmentation attempts are made by both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. To date, most of the work has been devoted to pharmacological strategies, much less to augemantation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy (C+ECT), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Aim: The aim of the work is to present biological, non-pharmacological augmentation treatment methods with clozapine.Material and methods: A review of the literature on non-pharmacological augmentation treatment methods with clozapine was made. PubMed database was searched using key words: drug-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine, ECT, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation and time descriptors: 1980-2017.Results: Most studies on the possibility of increasing the efficacy of clozapine was devoted to combination therapy with clozapine + electric treatments. They have shown improved efficacy when using these two methods simultaneously from 37.5 to 100%. The only randomized trial so far has also confirmed the effectiveness of this procedure. Despite the described side effects of tachycardia or prolonged seizures, most studies indicate the safety and efficacy of combined use of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation also appears to be a safe method in patients treated with clozapine. However, further research is needed before ECT can be included in standard TRS treatment algorithms. The data for combining transcranial electrical stimulation with clozapine, come only from descriptions of cases and need to be confirmed in controlled studies.Conclusions: The results of studies on the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of clozapine using biological non-pharmacological treatment methods indicate a potentially beneficial effect of this type of methods in breaking the super-resistance in schizophrenia. Combination of clozapine and ECT can be considered as the most recommended strategy among these treatment methods.

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Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia: A retrospective study

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

<p>Number of Electroconvulsive Therapy Sessions required for Thai Psychiatric Patients: a Retrospective Study</p>

<p>Number of Electroconvulsive Therapy Sessions required for Thai Psychiatric Patients: a Retrospective Study</p>

Molecular modeling studies of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as novel h-DAAO inhibitors by 3D-QSAR, docking and dynamics simulations

Clozapine-resistant schizophrenia – non pharmacological augmentation methods

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