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Medical and pharmaceutical waste (MPW) pose a big problem in society and at the healthcare centers because they cause a bacteriological risk in the living being and the environment. Morocco, since 1991, has developed a legal arsenal on medical and pharmaceutical waste. In order to identify pathogens at the level of hospital waste, and to assess their treatment system, this study was carried out at a Moroccan hospital center. The analysis of the samples was performed at the medical biology laboratory of the same hospital. Eleven samples were done at four care units, including two at the internal storage room before treating waste with an ECODAX T300 type mill, and two after treatment from the ground material and leachate. Before crushing 63.6% (7/11) of the samples gave positive cultures. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas stuzerie and Pseudomonas fluorescens) have been identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics has also been determined. After the grinding cycle, the microbiological characterization of the samples on ground material and leachate revealed 100% of bacterial presence, the microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were identified. The results show that hospital waste encloses multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria before and after their treatment, which raises a big question mark on the quality and effectiveness of the treatment of MPW.
Medical and pharmaceutical waste (MPW) pose a big problem in society and at the healthcare centers because they cause a bacteriological risk in the living being and the environment. Morocco, since 1991, has developed a legal arsenal on medical and pharmaceutical waste. In order to identify pathogens at the level of hospital waste, and to assess their treatment system, this study was carried out at a Moroccan hospital center. The analysis of the samples was performed at the medical biology laboratory of the same hospital. Eleven samples were done at four care units, including two at the internal storage room before treating waste with an ECODAX T300 type mill, and two after treatment from the ground material and leachate. Before crushing 63.6% (7/11) of the samples gave positive cultures. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas stuzerie and Pseudomonas fluorescens) have been identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics has also been determined. After the grinding cycle, the microbiological characterization of the samples on ground material and leachate revealed 100% of bacterial presence, the microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were identified. The results show that hospital waste encloses multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria before and after their treatment, which raises a big question mark on the quality and effectiveness of the treatment of MPW.
Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) constitute the diverse group of infections with varied clinical presentation and severity. SSTI’s are the most common infections treated in hospital today posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Natural herbs have been widely used as a potential source of therapeutic substances all over the world. A study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of some natural extracts on important SSTI causing pathogens. Materials and methods: In this study the antimicrobial potential of essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, oil of Cymbopogon citratus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, Ocimum sanctum and extracts of Curcuma longa, Azadirachta indica and Cassia fistula were analysed against common skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) causing microorganisms. The organisms include methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Cutibacterium acnes, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis. The antimicrobial assay was performed by agar punch well method with different concentrations of essential oil and extracts. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed in order to identify the active constituents present in the extracts. Further a formulation was made, with the powdered extract (neem, turmeric, bark of golden shower) and cinnamon oil as the chief component to look for any probable synergetic activity. Results and discussion: In this study all the essential oils showed good antimicrobial activity than the crude extracts. Significant activity against the Gram negative organisms was exhibited by all the products used in the study. Cinnamon and Clove oil had an excellent activity against all the organism whereas tea tree, mint and Tulsi oil showed better results against the Gram positive organisms including acne vulgaris causing organisms. HPLC results emphasised the presence of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in clove and cinnamon oil respectively. A significant zone of inhibition was observed from the formulation prepared. Hence we indicate that the natural products used in this study have therapeutic properties and therefore could be considered as an alternative medication in treatment of SSTIs.
Background: Suffering from recurrent boils (furunclosis) is a common problem in our locality as it is noticed by many dermatologists especially in association with increasingly hot weather. The most common causative organisms are staphylococci. Objective: The aim of the study was to shed the light upon this problem and compare two systemic therapeutic agents for the prevention of recurrence, doxycycline and rifampicin. Patient and method: One hundred thirty-five (135) Patients with recurrent boils from Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital dermatology outpatient department were included in this study; age ranged from 10 to 64 years old and out of total patients 32 were males and 103 were females. Patients were assessed by full history and clinical examination done by dermatologist. An aspirate from the content of the boil was taken from 30 patients for bacteriological culture. The patients were treated by topical with or without systemic anti-staph antibiotics followed by a preventive protocol of doxycycline100mg twice daily for two months duration in 50 patients and rifampicin 600mg for ten days in the other 85 patients. Both groups used topical sodium fucidate 2% ointment twice daily in nostrils, axilla and perineum for ten days. All were followed up for 2 years to assess the recurrence after treatment. Results: Out of 135 patients treated, 3 (2.22%) patients defaulted from follow up (they were from doxycyclin group) and out of the remainder 132, only 9 (6.8%) patients had recurrence after treatment; 7 (14.89%) patients from the doxycycline group and 3(3.52%) patients from rifampicin group. Forty 40 (85.1%) patients responded well to doxycycline without recurrence for 2 years compared to 83 (97.65%) patients treated with Rifampicin with no recurrence during the 2 years of follow up. The noticed side effects were gastric upset in doxycycline and urine discoloration in rifampicin. Conclusion: Rifampicin regimen in prevention of recurrent boils significantly showed higher effectiveness in addition to more tolerable, easier, shorter course, and fewer side effects than doxycyclin.
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