Effectiveness of ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 standards in rollover crashworthiness assessment of paratransit buses

Gepner, Bronisław; Bojanowski, Cezary; Kwaśniewski, Lesław; Wekezer, Jerry

doi:10.1007/s12239-014-0061-3

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further details related to the material models, connections, and strain rate effects of bus components can be found in Gepner et al 21 and Gepner. 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details of the verification process for material selection and connection properties of the bus can be found in previous studies. 12,22,30…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 illustrates the test procedure and the residual space (the shaded red area) that is defined based on the passenger compartment geometry. 12 The deformation index (DI) was used to evaluate the intrusion of the superstructure into the residual space (see Gepner et al 13 for more details). The DI > 1 indicates the structural deformation intruded into the residual space and the DI < 1 implies that the residual space remained intact during the test (a new definition of DI was also proposed by Abdul Hamid and Li 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Seyedi

Jung

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rollover crashes of buses are usually associated with multiple impacts that can result in complex interactions between passengers and a bus superstructure. Although there have been a few field data studies that provide some insights into occupant injuries (e.g. severity and distribution of injuries) during the real-world bus rollover crash, because they had used post-crash data, the occupant kinematics and injury mechanisms were not completely detailed in their results. Based on a literature review, available numerical and experimental studies on a bus rollover safety have mainly focused on structural integrity rather than considering occupant responses in their assessment. In addition, their results about occupant responses in bus rollover crashes show some discrepancies in terms of the estimated injury distribution, severity, and causes. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to provide a more detailed understanding of the occupant kinematics and associated injury risk during the ECE R66 tilt table bus rollover test using validated finite element (FE) models. The ECE R66 tilt table rollover was simulated using a full finite element model of the bus. A 50th percentile male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic test device (ATD) and EuroSID-2re FE models were selected to simulate the occupant’s motion. Each ATD was seated adjacent to the impacted side wall and restrained with a 2-point seatbelt. Simulation parameters included two impact surface friction values and different side window conditions. The results indicated that both ATD estimated the highest injury risk when the partial ejection occurred. They predicted a similar injury risk for the head and thorax. The ES-2re estimated a very low risk of neck injury in all simulations, whereas the Hybrid III estimated the high risk of a neck injury. Finally, recommendations to potentially reduce the injuries were provided and possible future works were suggested.

show abstract

“…Further details related to the material models, connections, and strain rate effects of bus components can be found in Gepner et al 21 and Gepner. 22…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details of the verification process for material selection and connection properties of the bus can be found in previous studies. 12,22,30…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Seyedi

Jung

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These are measured by using anthropomorphic test devices (dummies) located in the front seats. Typically, the test involves launching a vehicle to impact a barrier or moving barrier at 32 to 56 km/h, … (Gepner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Current Crash Test Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of vehicle structural performance during small-overlap frontal impact

Nguyen

Lee

Yim

et al. 2015

Int.J Automot. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents an analysis of the vehicle structural performance in the event of a small-overlap frontal impact (SOFI), based on a computer-based crash simulation model. The vehicle model was used for SOFI simulation according to real small-overlap test conditions. The crash simulation results were used to evaluate the overall vehicle structure through a comparison of intrusion measurements with the rating guidelines of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The parts sensitive to a small-overlap crash were confirmed. Thickness optimization was conducted to strengthen the rocker panel, A-pillar, and lower hinge pillar in order to improve the vehicle structural performance in the event of a SOFI. The best values among the variables were chosen for the new design. The crash analysis using finite element models showed that the most serious deformation occurred to the A-pillar. In this study, the grade of the overall structure was changed from "poor" to "marginal".

show abstract

“…In the second stage, a passenger compartment is designed according to an individual order and then equipped on the chassis made in the first stage. In the second stage, safety of the manufactured vehicle and safety of traffic participants, passengers, and other persons, as well as satisfaction of the set safety requirements, and the growing needs of the community are considered [ 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Reliability of a Bus Safety Structure on Carrying Out the Numerical and Experimental Tests

Pravilonis

Eidukynas

Sokolovskij

2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the paper, the reliability of a spatial tubular structure of a bus safety frame formed of different steel profiles is discussed. A methodology for the bus safety structure modeling is presented herein by applying numerical methods that enable us to simulate virtually a test for assessing bus rollover crashworthiness according to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulation No. 66, and also to assess and ensure the reliability and safety of the structure under operating conditions. The simulation has been performed by applying the mixed method of kinematical analysis and finite elements. In the course of the calculations, physical and geometrical non-linearity of materials was assessed. In addition, an experimental rollover test according to UNECE Regulation No. 66 was performed in this work, striving to verify the provided methodology for modeling by applying numerical methods. For the experiment, an identical safety structure and a rollover stand (identical to the one used in modeling) were used. The rollover test was shot by a Phantom v711 high-speed camera. In the paper, the results of kinematical and dynamic analysis from applying the finite element method and the ones of the experimental test, as well as their comparisons, are provided. It is assessed whether the developed safety structure model is reliable and suitable for use.

show abstract

Effectiveness of ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 standards in rollover crashworthiness assessment of paratransit buses

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Numerical assessment of occupant responses during the bus rollover test: A finite element parametric study

Analysis of vehicle structural performance during small-overlap frontal impact

An Analysis of the Reliability of a Bus Safety Structure on Carrying Out the Numerical and Experimental Tests

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About