Effectiveness of downward evacuation in a large-scale subway fire using Fire Dynamics Simulator

Tsukahara, Manabu; Koshiba, Yusuke; Ohtani, Hideo

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2011.02.002

Cited by 75 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the one hand, fire smokes include several toxic gases, especially CO. CO can quickly cause dyspnea and poisoning symptoms. A high-density smoke also reduces the visibility of evacuees [246][247][248]. Besides, hot smokes and fires may damage subway constructions [249].…”

Section: Wind Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strategy "go up and take the nearest exit to the surface" may not be the best response, because fire smokes or toxic airborne substances tend to use the same routes as fleeing passengers [248]. Tsukahara et al simulated a large-scale and multistory station that had a fire source on a middle floor and concluded that downward evacuations could be more effective than upward ones [246]. However, dynamic evacuation guidance is more applicable and safe according to smoke distributions and passenger positions [248,251].…”

Section: Wind Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.

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Section: Wind Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wind Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Wen

Leng

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If fire happens in such places, the smoke caused by the burning of synthetic materials can be toxic and also make it difficult for passengers to find escape routes, thus may results in serious injury [3]. King's Cross Station fire in London happened in 1987 and Daegu Subway fire happened in 2004 both caused more than 100 deaths or injuries [4,5]. By literature review and news gathering, 42 subway fire cases around the world are collected and listed in table 1 [6,7].…”

Section: Static and Analysis Of Subway Accidents 21 Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of natural and man-made accidents happened in subway stations and trains: based on statistics of accident cases

Wang

Qiu

et al. 2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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Sometimes subway stations and trains can be very crowded for large passenger flows. However, some stations and trains may be vulnerable when natural or man-made disasters happen, thus the safety of passengers and stuff is threatened. Therefore, it is meaningful to make a deep analysis to these disasters that may happen in subway stations and trains. By collecting cases of accidents include fire disaster, terrorist attack, flood, earthquake and stampede that happened in subway stations or on trains around the world, the causes, consequence and their own characters were analysed. Besides, some recommendations and beneficial measures aim to prevent these disasters mentioned above were also presented and discussed.

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“…They mainly include cellular automata models [6], lattice gas models [7], social force models [8], fluid dynamic models [9], innovative models [10], and experimental approaches with animals [11]. Although some of the above methodologies were adopted for the evacuation problems in metro systems [12], the emphasis of evacuation research concentrated on modelling movement 2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering characteristics [13], evaluating facility capacity [14,15] and investigating strategy scenarios [16,17] through field data collection and scenario simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Analysis on Emergency Evacuation from Metro Stations

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Efficient calculation on passenger evacuation performances under emergencies is crucial to the planning, design, and operation of metro systems as it is closely related to the safety of human lives. Four calculation methodologies including the China CDM, NFPA 130, control volume, and M/G/c/c models and a multiagent-based simulation approach are employed to calculate the evacuation time under a given number of evacuees in different application backgrounds by investigating impact factors and strategies of evacuation as well as moving speed of evacuees. The M/G/c/c model and multiagent-based simulation approach are also used to identify the bottleneck of evacuation in metro stations. A case study for the Xizhimen metro station in Beijing is carried out to validate the effectiveness of these methodologies to planners, designers, and operators in practice. The results show that the former two methodologies are concise quantitative methods while the latter ones are more capable of assessing the whole process and details of evacuation.

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Effectiveness of downward evacuation in a large-scale subway fire using Fire Dynamics Simulator

Cited by 75 publications

References 10 publications

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review

Analysis of natural and man-made accidents happened in subway stations and trains: based on statistics of accident cases

Modelling and Analysis on Emergency Evacuation from Metro Stations

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