Effectiveness of different types of clay for reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diets on performance and serum profiles of weanling pigs

Schell, T C; Lindemann, M. D.; Kornegay, E. T.; Blodgett, Dennis J.; Doerr, J. A.

doi:10.2527/1993.7151226x

Cited by 127 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Reduced mycotoxin absorption from the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to ameliorate its adverse effects on serum clinical chemistry of growing pigs (Scell et al, 1993) and broilers (Oguz et al, 2000). Representative feed samples were collected on a monthly basis and forwarded to BIOMIN Laboratories (BIOMIN Gesunde Tierernahrung International Gmbh, Herzogenburg, Austria) for the determination of aflatoxin B 1 concentration.…”

Section: Feeding Of the Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs

et al. 2007

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The effect of the long-term dietary use of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff (Cp) on certain biochemical and hematological parameters was studied in pigs. Forty-eight healthy piglets (24 females and 24 males) were used in the study, equally allocated in two experimental groups, depending on the inclusion or not of Cp in their feed (Cp+ and Cp− groups respectively). Cp was incorporated in their feed at the inclusion rate of 2% and was administered continuously from weaning to slaughter. All pigs were individually weighed upon commencement of the study [25(± 3) days of age] and subsequently at the end of the weaning, growing and fattening stages [70(± 3), 112(± 3) and 161(± 3) days of age, respectively] and blood sample collections were performed for analyses. Cp ingestion was well tolerated and resulted in a higher body weight gain during the weaning stage, as well as during the whole monitoring period (P b 0.05). The diet had no effect on serum K, Na, Ca, P, total protein, albumin and total bilirubin concentrations throughout the study (P N 0.05). Furthermore, no significant alteration was noticed concerning the hematocrit, leucocyte count and hemoglobin concentration (P N 0.05). Conversely, the dietary inclusion of Cp resulted in a lower serum urea-N and cholesterol concentrations in all blood samplings apart from the initial one (P b 0.05). Likewise, Cp+ group demonstrated an elevated serum glucose concentration at the blood samplings performed on 112(± 3) and 161(± 3) days of age and a lower AST activity at the latter (P b 0.05). In the context of this study, the long-term dietary use of Cp at the inclusion rate of 2% appeared to enhance the performance of growing and fattening pigs without adversely affecting their health status in terms of undesirable changes of their biochemical and hematological profiles.

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Section: Feeding Of the Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs

et al. 2007

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“…The same authors (Schell et al, 1993b) found in another study with 0.5 % different clays (palygorskite, sepiolite, a treated Ca-bentonite (chemically and physically modified), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate) and a diet with 800 µg AfB 1 /kg, that considerable differences between the clays exist. The modified Ca-bentonite restored pig performance and serum biochemistry to control levels.…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

2011

EFS2

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Bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) is an additive proposed to be authorised as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins for all animal species at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 and 0.3 % in complete feed. The FEEDAP Panel considers 0.5 % bentonite as safe for all target animal species. Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restriction, (ii) natural montmorillonite is not genotoxic, and (iii) a 28-week toxicity study in rats showed dietary levels up to 2 % calcium montmorillonite without toxicity, the FEEDAP Panel considers that there is no safety concern for consumers. Bentonite is not irritant to skin and mildly irritant to eyes. Bentonite airborne dust is associated with elevated susceptibility to pulmonary infections. Bentonite is ubiquitous in the environment and is not expected to adversely affect the environment. In vitro systems demonstrated the ability of bentonite to adsorb aflatoxins in aqueous media at different pH values and to a lower degree in gastric juice. Since in vitro systems do not completely mimic the complex situations during digestion, an efficacy assessment requires a minimum of in vivo data. Two in vivo studies in dairy cows (< 5 µg AfB 1 /kg feed) demonstrated a significant reduction in AfB 1 excretion via milk by 0.03-1 % bentonite. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the bentonite under application has the potential to be efficacious as aflatoxin binder in feed of dairy cows, and extended this conclusion to all ruminants. The Panel was not in a position to assess the efficacy of the bentonite under application as aflatoxin binder for any other animal species than ruminants due to the absence of data. SUMMARYFollowing a request from of the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver an opinion on the safety for the target animals, consumer, user and the environment and the efficacy of the product bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite). Bentonite is currently authorised as binder, anticaking and anticoagulant agent. The applicant is now seeking authorisation for bentonite as a substance for the reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins, at a recommended use level ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 % in complete feed.Although no typical tolerance studies with bentonites were found in the literature, the varying bentonite levels (0.2-10 %) used in a multitude of studies (with poultry, ruminants and trout) allow performing an assessment of safety for the target animals. Levels of 1-2 % were tolerated if only zootechnical parameters were considered. However, already 0.5 % bentonite reduced the availability of the essential trace element manganese. Bentonites also interact with coccidiostats and other medicinal substances but apparently not with vitamins. The FEEDAP Panel considers, as a conservative estimate, 0.5 % bentonite to be safe for all target animal species.Since (i) bentonite is authorised as food additive without any restric...

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“…This strategy has been the subject of considerable research in recent years. Various absorbing materials have been used including charcoal, zeolites, bentonite, spent bleaching clay from vegetable oil refining, and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (Schell et al 1993;Ramos & Hernandéz, 1997;Bailey et al 1998). The main problem is that mycotoxins are chemically quite diverse and so no single toxin-binding compound will be effective for all mycotoxins.…”

Section: Diet -Mycotoxin Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition-based health in animal production

Adams

2006

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Events such as BSE, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza illustrate the importance of animal health on a global basis. The only practical solution to deal with such problems has usually been mass culling of millions of animals at great effort and expense. Serious consideration needs to be given to nutrition as a practical solution for health maintenance and disease avoidance of animals raised for food. Health or disease derives from a triad of interacting factors; diet–disease agent, diet–host and disease agent–host. Various nutrients and other bioactive feed ingredients, nutricines, directly influence health by inhibiting growth of pathogens or by modulating pathogen virulence. It is possible to transform plant-based feed ingredients to produce vaccines against important diseases and these could be fed directly to animals. Nutrients and nutricines contribute to three major factors important in the diet–host interaction; maintenance of gastrointestinal integrity, support of the immune system and the modulation of oxidative stress. Nutrition-based health is the next challenge in modern animal production and will be important to maintain economic viability and also to satisfy consumer demands in terms of food quality, safety and price. This must be accomplished largely through nutritional strategies making optimum use of both nutrients and nutricines.

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Effectiveness of different types of clay for reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diets on performance and serum profiles of weanling pigs

Cited by 127 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs

Experimental study on the effect of in-feed administration of a clinoptilolite-rich tuff on certain biochemical and hematological parameters of growing and fattening pigs

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of bentonite (dioctahedral montmorillonite) as feed additive for all species

Nutrition-based health in animal production

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