Effectiveness of different precipitated phosphates as phosphorus sources for plants

Johnston, A. E.; Richards, Ian

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00278.x

Cited by 191 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Struvite is an effective phosphorus fertilizer (Johnston and Richards, 2003), which can be stored and transported easily. Basically, struvite is an orthophosphate, containing magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate in equal molar concentrations.…”

Section: Struvite Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Fan

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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a b s t r a c tWastewater often contains valuable resources (e.g. organic matter and nutrients). Different from conventional sanitation approaches, the ecological sanitation (Eco-San) system is based on the closure of material flow cycles to recover resources with minimized demands on other resources. The review comprehensively summarized the main components of the Eco-San system (user interface, collection and conveyance, storage and primary treatment, and reuse/disposal), the frequently-used evaluation methods, and the framework of evaluation index system. Some typical practical cases were discussed to demonstrate the managerial implications and popularize the applications of the Eco-San system. The results show that the Eco-San systems are beneficial to resource efficiency, agricultural use of the organic matters and nutrients, and energy recovery although some shortages exist (e.g. high cost, cultural constraints, and complex operation and management). The evaluation methods can help to identify the restriction factors, contributing factors and measures to improve the efficiency of the future Eco-San system. The setting, selection and quantification are three critical steps when using the evaluation indices to complete the evaluation process. This study not only provides the methods for both developing novel Eco-San systems (combinations of the components) and improving the Eco-San systems (evaluation of the combinations) to solve the wastewater problem in rural areas. Considering the challenges or limitations in the Eco-San research, the recommendations for future research may mainly focus on the combination of different components, methods for sustainability assessment, quantification of the evaluation index, and implementation of more real Eco-San cases.

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Section: Struvite Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Fan

Wang

et al. 2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…The assessment of fertilizers based on analytical results alone is not sufficient, because the predicted and actual availability and uptake of P by plants can differ substantially. Johnston and Richards [22] as well as Römer [23] confirmed that some P fertilizers ensure relatively good P availability and supply despite the small amounts contained in water-soluble form. Cabeza et al [17] concluded that the dissolution of P in soil is a much more accurate indicator of the fertilizing effectiveness of recycled P products than their solubility in water or citric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Can Phosphate Salts Recovered from Manure Replace Conventional Phosphate Fertilizer?

et al. 2017

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Pig farming produces more manure than can reasonably be spread onto surrounding fields, particularly in regions with high livestock densities and limited land availability. Nutrient recycling offers an attractive solution for dealing with manure excesses and is one main objective of the European commission-funded project "BioEcoSIM". Phosphate salts ("P-Salt") were recovered from the separated liquid manure fraction. The solid fraction was dried and carbonized to biochar. This study compared the fertilizing performance of P-Salt and conventional phosphate fertilizer and determined whether additional biochar application further increased biomass yields.The fertilizers and biochar were tested in pot experiments with spring barley and faba beans using two nutrient-poor soils. The crops were fertilized with P-Salt at three levels and biochar in two concentrations. Biomass yield was determined after six weeks. Plant and soil samples were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. The P-Salt had similar or even better effects than mineral fertilizer on growth in both crops and soils. Slow release of nutrients can prevent leaching, rendering P-Salt a particularly suitable fertilizer for light sandy soils. Biochar can enhance its fertilizing effect, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. These novel products are concluded to be promising candidates for efficient fertilization strategies.

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“…Several previous research studies have exhibited a similar conclusion. 8,20 Compared to other fertilizers, the benefits of using struvite are low leaching rates and prolonged release of nutrients throughout the growing season of plants, 36 which resulted in low leaching losses of nutrients in soil with irrigation and rain. It was also found that higher soil Olsen P could be seen with struvite treatment in both soils.…”

Section: Journal Of Agricultural and Food Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that water-soluble P fertilizer is generally considered to be fully plant available, and the P uptake from struvite has been studied in the greenhouse with a variety of test plants on soils compared with commercial P fertilizer. [8][9][10][11] evaluated the availability of urine-derived struvite as fertilizer and found that struvite led to biomass yield and P uptake comparable to or higher than those induced by a commercial mineral fertilizer. A few reports of the comparison of soils with different pH values can be found in previous research.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

Liu

Tao²,

Wen

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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One greenhouse pot experiment was used to investigate the availability of phosphorus in struvite derived from urine affected by soil pH (cinnamon soil, pH 7.3; paddy soil, pH 5.3) and irrigation water (pH 6.0 and 7.5) with bird rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). The biomass of applied struvite in paddy soil was significantly greater than that of applied calcium superphosphate. However, statistically significant differences were not observed in cinnamon soil. Soil-applied struvite had a higher Olsen P compared to soil-applied calcium superphosphate irrespective of soil type. The biomass of applied struvite and irrigation with pH 6.0 water was greater compared to that with irrigation with pH 7.3 water irrespective of soil type, accompanied with significantly higher leaf chlorophyll concentration. Therefore, struvite has the potential to be an effective P fertilizer, and acidic irrigation water has greater influence on the availability of phosphorus in struvite than does acidic soil. KEYWORDS: struvite, phosphorus, plant availability, soil, irrigation water ■ INTRODUCTIONPhosphorus (P), as an indispensable resource, is an essential nutrient for crop growth. The depletion timeline of P rock reserves ranges from 30 to 300 years.1 Although this estimation provides substantial uncertainty and more accurate data are lacking, there is no doubt regarding the irreversible depletion of high-concentration rock P reserves and the decline of the quality of the reserves (such as % P and presence of impurities) over time, 1 resulting in higher economic and energy cost for P exploitation. If P can be recovered in an economical way, it can re-enter the agricultural supply chain, displacing the consumption of traditional P fertilizer. It helps to create an ecofriendly environment by reducing the need for P rock 2 and to alleviate the P load emissions to water bodies. Human urine accounts for approximately 50% of the total P load in municipal wastewater, with <1% of the total wastewater volume.3 Direct application of urine in agriculture is feasible in practice. 4 However, huge quantities of separated urine are often difficult to transport and to store due to its unpleasant odor. Furthermore, health risk due to micropollutants and nitrogen (N) loss due to ammonia volatilization will be unavoidable during the application of urine to soil. Therefore, P recovery from urine in the form of struvite crystals will be a promising option with easy transportation, hygiene safety, and less nutrient loss.Struvite crystal is formed with an equal molar concentrations of magnesium (Mg), ammonium, and phosphate combined with six water molecules (MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O), which contains 5.7% N, 12.6% P, and 9.9% Mg by weight. The solubility of struvite is highly dependent on pH, 5 and it is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline solutions, but readily soluble in acid solution. The P in the urine is mainly present as inorganic phosphate, and struvite obtained from urine has the advantages of higher P 2 O 5 content (28.9%) compared to common ...

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Effectiveness of different precipitated phosphates as phosphorus sources for plants

Abstract: Eleven precipitated phosphates were evaluated as sources of phosphorus (P)

Cited by 191 publications

References 7 publications

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Constructing the ecological sanitation: a review on technology and methods

Can Phosphate Salts Recovered from Manure Replace Conventional Phosphate Fertilizer?

Influence of Soil and Irrigation Water pH on the Availability of Phosphorus in Struvite Derived from Urine through a Greenhouse Pot Experiment

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