Effectiveness of different laser systems to kill <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in aqueous suspension and in an infected tooth model

Meire, Maarten; Prijck, Kristof De; Coenye, Tom; Nelis, Hans; Moor, Roeland De

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01532.x

Cited by 90 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…6 Theoretically, laser energy may not only kill bacteria directly, but also activate the irrigant to enhance its bactericidal actions. 8,23 However, no difference in bacterial reduction was found between the PIPS + NaOCl, NaOCl, and NaOCl + EDTA groups in the present study. This is probably because of the lower volume of NaOCl being used in the PIPS + NaOCl group as compared with the other groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The Er:YAG laser with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique was reported to be effective in root canal disinfection. This study attempted to further investigate the antibacterial efficacy and smear layer removal ability of PIPS in comparison with conventional syringe irrigation in vitro. Methods: For antibacterial analysis, 48 single-rooted human teeth were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and then divided into six groups of eight roots each. The colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were determined after infection as the baseline. Then, the teeth were subjected to either PIPS plus 3% sodium hypochlorite (PIPS + NaOCl) or conventional syringe irrigation with 0.9% saline, 3% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), or 3% NaOCl alternating with 17% EDTA. The reduction of CFUs in the individual group was determined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the canal walls for E. faecalis colonization was performed. For comparing the smear removal efficacy, another 48 single-rooted teeth, assigned to different groups as mentioned, were irrigated after mechanical instrumentation. The presence of a smear layer at different levels of the root canal was scored by SEM examination. Results: No significant differences were found in CFU reduction. No bacteria could be observed by SEM in the NaOCl, NaOCl + EDTA, and PIPS + NaOCl groups. The scores of smear layer of the NaOCl + EDTA and PIPS + NaOCl groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the coronal and middle third of the root canal. None of the methods can effectively remove smear layer in the apical third. Conclusions: PIPS system supplied with NaOCl and conventional syringe irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA are comparable in their ability to remove E. faecalis and smear layer in single-rooted canals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…Single irradiation with a 980-nm diode laser operated at a power output of 1500 mW in the continuous wave (CW) mode (Group 1) resulted in a significant reduction of E. faecalis CFU/mg in comparison with the control group (Group 5). Complete E. faecalis eradication was demonstrated in the 5.25% NaOCl-irrigated group (Group 4), which is in accordance with other studies [23,25]. This effect results from the antimicrobial action of hypochlorous acid and active chlorine [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Different laser devices are used currently in root canal treatment [4,22,23]. The high power diode laser, emitting at a wavelength of 980 nm, was first introduced for use in endodontics in 1997 [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the conventionally used irrigation solutions penetrate periluminal dentin to no more than 130 µm deep [12]. Three different mechanisms of laser light bactericidal action have been reported: A rise in the temperature of the bacterial environment above lethal values, a temperature rise inside the bacteria (due to laser lightsensitive chromophores), and light-induced modulation of enzymatic activity [23]. The high power diode laser (810 nm) was previously used to disinfect root canal systems in the pulsed operation mode with a repetition rate of 1.5 Hz and an output power of 4 W [22] or 3 W [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bactericidal Efficacy of Different Diode Laser Operation Modes Against Enterococcus faecalis Compared with Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation

Grącka-Mańkowska¹,

Zarzycka²,

Pawlicka³

2016

Dent. Med. Probl.

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Microorganisms surviving in the root canal system despite the chemomechnical preparation are the main reason for reinfection and endodontic treatment failure [1]. Among them, Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly isolated bacterium from teeth with periapical periodontitis with or without periodontal lesions [2][3][4]. Because of its ability to form intra-and extraradicular biofilms, AbstractBackground. Microorganisms surviving in the root canal system despite the chemomechanical preparation are the main reason for reinfection and endodontic treatment failure. The introduction of laser-assisted endodontics resulted in higher success rates and less recurrent infections. Objectives. To compare the antibacterial action of diode laser irradiation (CV -1500 W, IMP -3000 W), photoactivated disinfection (PAD), and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on Enterococcus faecalis in an infected tooth model. Material and Methods. Fifty freshly extracted bovine teeth with single canals were prepared to apical size 45° ISO, autoclaved and contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. After a 48-hour incubation the specimens were randomly divided into four treatment groups and one control group (n = 10): Group 1 was irradiated with 1500 mW (continuous wave diode laser irradiation); Group 2 was irradiated with 3000 mW (impulse diode laser irradiation, 300 ms -pulse, 300 ms -pause); Group 3 was subjected to photo-activated disinfection and Group 4 was irrigated with a 5.25% NaOCl solution for 15 min. Group 5 was rinsed with saline solution (control). After treatment, the dentin samples were collected and the number of surviving bacteria was determined by classical quantitative microbiologic evaluation. Results. The differences in the mean number of the colony forming units (CFU/mg) between all the groups analyzed were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The highest number of microorganisms was observed in the control group (52.7 x 103 CFU/mg). Both diode laser applications resulted in a significant reduction in the number of E. faecalis cells: G1 -1.4 x 103 CFU/mg, G2 -4.2 x 103 CFU/mg, whereas in the group subjected to photo-activated disinfection the extent of reduction was significantly less (G3 -42.8 x 103 CFU/mg). Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that CW and pulse diode laser applications are both suitable for root canal disinfection, but do not eradicate all bacteria (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 2, 216-221).

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“…An optical fiber with 200 μm diameter and 1mm shorter that the working length is placed inside the canal, starting irradiation with circular movement in the apical-coronal direction. 52 Some studies suggested applying this technique in canals filled with irrigants such as EDTA, citric acid or NaOCl reduces the thermal side effects. 53 It should be considered that irradiation of the Nd:YAG and diode laser can create fusion and superficial re-solidification in the dentine with a clear glazed surface.…”

Section: Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota

et al. 2015

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The main goal in endodontic treatment is to eradicate or at least reduce intraradicular microbial population to levels that are more compatible with periapical lesions healing process. Since endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature, intraradicular survival of endodontic microbiota and their pathogenic properties are influenced by a combination of their virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to review the endodontic microbiota and their respective virulence attributes, as well as perform a literature review of the effects of disinfection procedures in the treatment of endodontic infections to gain best practices. Conventional technique for root canal preparation includes mechanical debridement and application of antimicrobial irrigants. Recently, laser irradiation has been used to enhance the results of root canal treatment through its thermal effect. To reduce thermal side effects, laser activated irrigation (LAI) and photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) were introduced. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. Different PSs are used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin. Among different options, ICG could be the best choice due to its peak absorption at wavelength of 808 nm, which coincides with the commercial diode laser devices. Also, this wavelength has more penetration depth compared to other wavelengths used in aPDT.

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Effectiveness of different laser systems to kill Enterococcus faecalis in aqueous suspension and in an infected tooth model

Abstract: The laser systems as well as PAD were less effective than NaOCl in reducing E. faecalis, both in aqueous suspension and in the infected tooth model.

Cited by 90 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Bactericidal Efficacy of Different Diode Laser Operation Modes Against Enterococcus faecalis Compared with Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation

Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota

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