Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — COVID-NET, 13 States, February–April 2021

Moline, Heidi; Whitaker, Michael; Deng, Li; Rhodes, Julia; Milucky, Jennifer; Pham, Huong; Patel, Kadam; Anglin, Onika; Reingold, Arthur; Chai, Shua J.; Alden, Nisha; Kawasaki, Breanna; Meek, James; Yousey‐Hindes, Kimberly; Anderson, Evan J.; Farley, Monica M.; Ryan, Patricia; Kim, Sue; Nunez, Val Tellez; Como‐Sabetti, Kathryn; Lynfield, Ruth; Sosin, Daniel M.; McMullen, Chelsea; Muse, Alison; Barney, Grant; Bennett, Nancy M.; Bushey, Sophrena; Shiltz, Jessica; Sutton, Melissa; Abdullah, Nasreen; Talbot, H. Keipp; Schaffner, William; Chatelain, Ryan; Ortega, Jake; Murthy, Bhavini Patel; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Schrag, Stephanie J.; Taylor, Christopher A.; Shang, Nong; Verani, Jennifer R.; Havers, Fiona

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7032e3

Cited by 153 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Vaccination status for both hospitalized cases and the underlying population was determined by state IIS data, as previously described. 3 We collected COVID-19 vaccination status (doses, dates administered, and product) from state IISs for all sampled COVID-NET cases. Some sites expanded collection of vaccination status to non-sampled cases, which were included for analysis of demographic factors and population-based rates associated with vaccination if all cases in a single month and age group had vaccination status available (“vaccine sample”).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two physicians reviewed reason for admission and symptoms, and those cases whose reason for admission might not have been primarily related to COVID-19, despite receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 laboratory test, were excluded from the comparison sample. 3…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Consistent with other studies, data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) have previously shown that all three vaccine products currently available are highly effective in preventing hospitalization in adults aged ≥65 years. 3,4 Infections in fully vaccinated persons (i.e., vaccine breakthroughs cases) are expected, 5 even in the setting of highly effective vaccines. While most infections occurring in fully vaccinated individuals have been mild or asymptomatic, 5 more serious SARS-CoV-2 infections can occur in fully vaccinated individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults ≥18 years – COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 – July 24, 2021

Havers

Pham

Taylor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: As of August 21, 2021, >60% of the U.S. population aged ≥18 years were fully vaccinated with vaccines highly effective in preventing hospitalization due to Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Infection despite full vaccination (vaccine breakthrough) has been reported, but characteristics of those with vaccine breakthrough resulting in hospitalization and relative rates of hospitalization in unvaccinated and vaccinated persons are not well described, including during late June and July 2021 when the highly transmissible Delta variant predominated. Methods: From January 1-June 30, 2021, cases defined as adults aged ≥18 years with laboratory-confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were identified from >250 acute care hospitals in the population-based COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET). Through chart review for sampled cases, we examine characteristics associated with vaccination breakthrough. From January 24-July 24, 2021, state immunization information system data linked to both >37,000 cases representative cases and the defined surveillance catchment area population were used to compare weekly hospitalization rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Unweighted case counts and weighted percentages are presented. Results: From January 1 - June 30, 2021, fully vaccinated cases increased from 1 (0.01%) to 321 (16.1%) per month. Among 4,732 sampled cases, fully vaccinated persons admitted with COVID-19 were older compared with unvaccinated persons (median age 73 years [Interquartile Range (IQR) 65-80] v. 59 years [IQR 48-70]; p<0.001), more likely to have 3 or more underlying medical conditions (201 (70.8%) v. 2,305 (56.1%), respectively; p<0.001) and be residents of long-term care facilities [37 (14.5%) v. 146 (5.5%), respectively; p<0.001]. From January 24 - July 24, 2021, cumulative hospitalization rates were 17 times higher in unvaccinated persons compared with vaccinated persons (423 cases per 100,000 population v. 26 per 100,000 population, respectively); rate ratios were 23, 22 and 13 for those aged 18-49, 50-64, and ≥65 years respectively. For June 27 - July 24, hospitalization rates were ≥10 times higher in unvaccinated persons compared with vaccinated persons for all age groups across all weeks. Conclusion: Population-based hospitalization rates show that unvaccinated adults aged ≥18 years are 17 times more likely to be hospitalized compared with vaccinated adults. Rates are far higher in unvaccinated persons in all adult age groups, including during a period when the Delta variant was the predominant strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Vaccines continue to play a critical role in preventing serious COVID-19 illness and remain highly effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults ≥18 years – COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 – July 24, 2021

Havers

Pham

Taylor

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Pandemic profiteering is, in our view, a human rights violation that demands investigation and scrutiny. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right “to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.”9 Such advancement led to accelerated development of effective covid-19 vaccines, with public funding, that lower the chances of severe illness and death 10…”

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confidence: 99%

Profiteering from vaccine inequity: a crime against humanity?

Hassan

Yamey

Abbasi³

2021

BMJ

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“…National discussions about benefit–risk balance often focus on the benefits of preventing symptomatic disease, hospitalization, or death due to Covid-19 and the risks of serious adverse events after vaccination. 7 , 8 As specific adverse events such as myocarditis are highlighted, however, the lack of corresponding specificity about benefits can hamper efforts to communicate effectively with patients. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines may be associated with myocarditis, but they can also prevent cases of myocarditis, acute kidney injury, arrhythmia, and thromboembolic disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Context in Covid-19 Vaccine Safety

Lee

2021

N Engl J Med

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing Hospitalization Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — COVID-NET, 13 States, February–April 2021

Cited by 153 publications

References 6 publications

COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults ≥18 years – COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 – July 24, 2021

COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among vaccinated and unvaccinated adults ≥18 years – COVID-NET, 13 states, January 1 – July 24, 2021

Profiteering from vaccine inequity: a crime against humanity?

The Importance of Context in Covid-19 Vaccine Safety

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