Effectiveness of chitosan on the inactivation of enteric viral surrogates

Davis, Robert; Zivanovic, Svetlana; D’Souza, Doris H.; Davidson, P. Michael

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2012.04.008

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Recently, attempts have been made to find sustainable solutions from medicinal plants and marine organisms (Balunas and Kinghorn 2005, Jain et al 2008, Choi et al 2014. Among marine organisms, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides were reported to be able to effectively reduce the infectivity of human enteric viral surrogates (feline calicivirus [FCV] F-9) (Su et al 2009, Davis et al 2012. However, there are limitations in the progress of this study, due to inefficient cell culture amplification process for norovirus (Guix et al 2007, Lay et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

In vitro antiviral activity of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A isolated from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis against murine norovirus

Eom¹,

Moon²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

ALGAE

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This research was conducted to develop effective and safe marine-derived antiviral compounds against norovirus. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-extract from Eisenia bicyclis exhibited strong antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV) as a norovirus surrogate. Among the phlorotannins from E. bicyclis, dieckol (DE) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF) were known to possess the strongest antibacterial activity. In this study, DE and PFF were evaluated for antiviral activity against MNV. DE and PFF exhibited strong anti-MNV activity with 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 0.9 μM. However, PFF exhibited more effective antiviral activity against MNV with higher selective index (668.87) than that of DE (550.60), due to its lower cell toxicity against RAW 264.7. This is the first report on the anti-MNV activity of phlorotannins from seaweed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the phlorotannins could be used as a potential source of natural antiviral agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

In vitro antiviral activity of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A isolated from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis against murine norovirus

Eom¹,

Moon²,

Lee³

et al. 2015

ALGAE

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“…Chitosan is reported to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria, molds, and yeast (Badawy and Rabea 2009;Devlieghere et al 2004;El Ghaouth et al 1992;Seyfarth et al 2008;Shahidi et al 1999;Sudarshan et al 1992;Wang 1992;Zheng and Zhu 2003) and recent studies report antiviral activity (Chirkov 2002;Davis et al 2012;Su et al 2009). The molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, and concentration are factors that influence the effectiveness of chitosan's antimicrobial activity (Davis et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, and concentration are factors that influence the effectiveness of chitosan's antimicrobial activity (Davis et al 2012). Kong et al (2008) found that the antibacterial activity of chitosan against Escherichia coli increased as the concentration of 1456 kDa chitosan increased from 0.02 to 0.1 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human noroviruses and their surrogates are known to be sensitive to relatively mild heat treatments and chlorine at[2 mg/L, but are less susceptible to low pH, such as is associated with the gastrointestinal tract (Cannon et al 2006;Davis et al 2012;D'Souza et al 2006;Sair et al 2002a, b). As transmission of foodborne viruses occurs through the fecal-oral route, the major foods associated with human norovirus outbreaks are handled and ready-to-eat foods that do not undergo further cooking, including fresh produce, juices, shellfish, salads, and boxed lunches (Sair et al 2002a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, higher molecular weight and concentration increased the effectiveness against FCV-F9. Further studies in our laboratories (Davis et al 2012) evaluated the effect of molecular weight of chitosan (53, 222, 307, 421, 1150 kDa) at only a single concentration (0.7 % w/v) on FCV-F9, MNV-1,MS2, and phiX174. The 53 kDa chitosan reduced phiX174, MS2, FCV-F9, and MNV-1 by 0.59, 2.44, 3.36, and 0.34 log PFU/mL, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteric Viral Surrogate Reduction by Chitosan

et al. 2015

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Enteric viruses are a major problem in the food industry, especially as human noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Chitosan is known to be effective against some enteric viral surrogates, but more detailed studies are needed to determine the precise application variables. The main objective of this work was to determine the effect of increasing chitosan concentration (0.7-1.5% w/v) on the cultivable enteric viral surrogates, feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), murine norovirus (MNV-1), and bacteriophages (MS2 and phiX174) at 37 °C. Two chitosans (53 and 222 kDa) were dissolved in water (53 kDa) or 1% acetic acid (222 KDa) at 0.7-1.5%, and were then mixed with each virus to obtain a titer of ~5 log plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL. These mixtures were incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. Controls included untreated viruses in phosphate-buffered saline and viruses were enumerated by plaque assays. The 53 kDa chitosan at the concentrations tested reduced FCV-F9, MNV-1, MS2, and phi X174 by 2.6-2.9, 0.1-0.4, 2.6-2.8, and 0.7-0.9 log PFU/mL, respectively, while reduction by 222 kDa chitosan was 2.2-2.4, 0.8-1.0, 2.6-5.2, and 0.5-0.8 log PFU/mL, respectively. The 222 kDa chitosan at 1 and 0.7% w/v in acetic acid (pH 4.5) caused the greatest reductions of MS2 by 5.2 logs and 2.6 logs, respectively. Overall, chitosan treatments showed the greatest reduction of MS2, followed by FCV-F9, phi X174, and MNV-1. These two chitosans may contribute to the reduction of enteric viruses at the concentrations tested but would require use of other hurdles to eliminate food borne viruses.

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Chitosan Applications for the Food Industry

Gutiérrez

2017

Chitosan

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Effectiveness of chitosan on the inactivation of enteric viral surrogates

Cited by 58 publications

References 66 publications

In vitro antiviral activity of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A isolated from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis against murine norovirus

In vitro antiviral activity of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A isolated from edible brown alga Eisenia bicyclis against murine norovirus

Enteric Viral Surrogate Reduction by Chitosan

Chitosan Applications for the Food Industry

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