Effectiveness of Changes in Diet Composition on Reducing the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease

Calabrese, Ilaria; Riccardi, Gabriele

doi:10.1007/s11886-019-1176-y

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The health benefits of greater adherence to the recommended targets are supported by a large body of literature [28]. Several prospective observational studies have convincingly shown that the incidence of NCDs, in particular, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, is associated with high intakes of red and processed meat, animal fat, and sugar-particularly soft drinks-and with low consumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, and non-tropical vegetable oils [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several prospective observational studies have convincingly shown that the incidence of NCDs, in particular, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, is associated with high intakes of red and processed meat, animal fat, and sugar-particularly soft drinks-and with low consumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts, and non-tropical vegetable oils [29]. Data on the relationships between NCDs and dairy foods and eggs are less consistent but overall indicate possible harm at very high intakes [28,30]. Moreover, the PREDIMED (Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with Mediterranean Diet) trial has shown that the implementation of a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean diet, in many ways similar to the dietary pattern proposed by the Eat-Lancet Commission, substantially reduces the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Trends in Dietary Habits of the Italian Population: Potential Impact on Health and the Environment

et al. 2021

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Population growth, globalization, urbanization, and economic pressures are causing changes in food consumption all over the world. The study’s aims are (1) to evaluate trends in food habits in Italy to highlight deviations from the traditional Mediterranean diet, (2) to analyze the features of the present Italian diet that should be modified to meet evidence-based global scientific targets for a healthy and sustainable diet proposed by the EAT–Lancet Commission. Trends in food availability for human consumption during the period 2000–2017 were assessed using the food balance sheets (FBSs). Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission was estimated according to life cycle assessment (LCA) analyses. During the study period, the availability of animal fat and beef meat greatly declined (−58% and −32%, respectively), followed by fruit, potatoes, vegetables, milk, and non-tropical oils (−20%, −15%, −13%, −14%, and −11%, respectively). A substantial increase has occurred for tropical oils, fish, and nuts (+156, +26%, and +21%, respectively). In order to meet the targets of consumption proposed by the EAT–Lancet Commission, the consumption of legumes and nuts should be almost doubled, whereas the consumption of meat, eggs, dairy products, animal fat, tropical oils, and sugars should be reduced by proportions ranging from 60% to 90%. If implemented, these changes would reduce the diet-related greenhouse gas emission by nearly 50%. In conclusion, these data call for nutritional education programs and interventions on the food system aimed at promoting a healthier and more environmentally sustainable diet. To this end, the availability and affordability of products with a better impact on human health and the environment should be promoted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Dietary Habits of the Italian Population: Potential Impact on Health and the Environment

et al. 2021

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“…A cornerstone of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality prevention is the implementation of sodium restriction by clinicians [68,69], both in high-risk patients and in healthy individuals [70]. Cardiovascular disease is linked to sodium intake [71][72][73], and restricting sodium consumption has favorable effects [74][75][76], while studies flawed by incorrect urinary sodium sampling show mixed or non-significant results [77][78][79], again returning to the J-shaped relationship [79].…”

Section: Sodium Intake and Cardiovascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension—An Update about the Role of a Real Villain

Nista

Gatto

Albertelli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Salt intake is too high for safety nowadays. The main active ion in salt is sodium. The vast majority of scientific evidence points out the importance of sodium restriction for decreasing cardiovascular risk. International Guidelines recommend a large reduction in sodium consumption to help reduce blood pressure, organ damage, and cardiovascular risk. Regulatory authorities across the globe suggest a general restriction of sodium intake to prevent cardiovascular diseases. In spite of this seemingly unanimous consensus, some researchers claim to have evidence of the unhealthy effects of a reduction of sodium intake, and have data to support their claims. Evidence is against dissenting scientists, because prospective, observational, and basic research studies indicate that sodium is the real villain: actual sodium consumption around the globe is far higher than the safe range. Sodium intake is directly related to increased blood pressure, and independently to the enlargement of cardiac mass, with a possible independent role in inducing left ventricular hypertrophy. This may represent the basis of myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, and cardiac mortality. Although debated, a high sodium intake may induce initial renal damage and progression in both hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Conversely, there is general agreement about the adverse role of sodium in cerebrovascular disease. These factors point to the possible main role of sodium intake in target organ damage and cardiovascular events including mortality. This review will endeavor to outline the existing evidence.

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“…18.5%. Our results suggest that A. pavonina seed oil seems to be a good source of food unsaturated fatty acids that are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Calabrese and Riccardi, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Analysis of nutrients and compounds potentially reducing risks of overweightness and obesity-related diseases in raw and roasted Adenanthera pavonina seeds from Samoa

Huml¹,

Drábek²,

Pohořelá³

et al. 2020

Emir J Food Agric

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Recently, Samoans have faced to alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity related diseases, which are connected to the consumption of imported calorie-rich and nutrient-poor food products. It is believed that the re-introduction of native diet may mitigate these negative trends. In Samoa, the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina, an underutilized leguminous tree, are popularly eaten when roasted. Although the seeds are also used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, information on their nutrients and any compounds potentially reducing risks of related health disorders is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyse the nutrients and compounds potentially reducing risks of overweight- and obesity-related health problems in raw and roasted A. pavonina seeds from Samoa. The standard analytical and microbiological methods, namely gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and Czech technical standard methods, were used for the determination of fatty acids, minerals, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, and B vitamins, respectively. The analyses showed that the lignoceric (17.59% and 18.24%), linoleic (39.80% and 37.88%), and oleic acids (14.67% and 14.75%) were the most abundant in the oil of raw and roasted seeds, with the unsaturated forms present in higher amounts than saturated. The seeds were found to be rich of vitamin E (33.09 and 15.94 mg/100 g), whereas the contents of vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 were rather low. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur were the minerals found in the highest concentrations. Salicylic acid (201.01 and 151.95 µg/100 g) has been detected in higher amounts than other phenolic compounds. In summary, the findings of this study indicate that the both raw and roasted seeds of A. pavonina are good sources of various health-beneficial nutrients, including those reducing the negative effects of obesity.

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Effectiveness of Changes in Diet Composition on Reducing the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Recent Trends in Dietary Habits of the Italian Population: Potential Impact on Health and the Environment

Recent Trends in Dietary Habits of the Italian Population: Potential Impact on Health and the Environment

Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension—An Update about the Role of a Real Villain

Analysis of nutrients and compounds potentially reducing risks of overweightness and obesity-related diseases in raw and roasted Adenanthera pavonina seeds from Samoa

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