Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as dual SO2 ‐NOx emission Control Agent

Steciak, Judi; Levendis, Yiannis A.; Wise, Donald L.

doi:10.1002/aic.690410328

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This UF size gave rise to high surface area of CaO, which was mainly external surface area. Steciak et al (1995) reported calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) as an effective sorbent for combined SO,-NO, removal. They observed more than 90% SO, removal at 950-1,200"C and Ca:S of 2:l. Calcination of CMA produces thin-walled cenospheres of CaO and MgO with porosities of nearly 70% and surface area of 27 m2/g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

et al. 1997

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

et al. 1997

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“…[19][20][21][22] Such sorbents included calcium formate (CF) and calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), among others. The organic fraction of the carboxylic salts decomposes into hydrocarbon fragments, at ~400 ºC, that eventually react with oxygen at higher temperatures and, thereby, generate an oxygen-lean atmosphere.…”

Section: Results From Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Shemwell

Ergut

Levendis

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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An integrated approach for the simultaneous reduction of major combustion-generated pollutants from power plants is presented along with a simplified economic analysis. With this technology, the synergistic effects of high-temperature sorbent/coal or sorbent/natural gas injection and high-temperature flue gas filtration are exploited. Calcium-based (or Na-based, etc.) sorbents are sprayed in the post-flame zone of a furnace, where they react with S-and Cl-containing gases to form stable salts of Ca (or Na, etc.). The partially reacted sorbent is then collected in a high-temperature ceramic filter, which is placed downstream of the sorbent injection point, where it further reacts for a prolonged period of time. With this technique, both the likelihood of contact and the length of time of contact between the solid sorbent particles and the gaseous pollutants increase, because reaction takes place both in the furnace upstream of the filter and inside the filter itself. Hence, the sorbent utilization increases significantly.Several pollutants, such as SO 2 , H 2 S, HCl, and particulate (soot, ash, and tar), may be partially removed from the effluent. The organic content of the sorbents (or blends) also pyrolyzes and reduces NO x . Unburned carbon in the ash may be completely oxidized in the filter. The filter is cleaned periodically with aerodynamic regeneration (back pulsing) without interrupting furnace operation. The effectiveness of this technique has been shown in laboratory-scale experiments using either rather costly carboxylic salts of Ca or low-to moderate-cost blends of limestone, lime, or sodium bicarbonate with coal fines.Injection occurred in the furnace at 1150 ºC, while the filter was maintained at 600 ºC. Results showed that 65 or 40% SO 2 removal was obtained with calcium formate or a limestone/coal blend, respectively, at an entering calciumto-sulfur molar ratio of 2. A sodium bicarbonate/coal blend resulted in 78% SO 2 removal at a sodium-to-sulfur molar ratio of 2. HCl removal efficiencies have been shown to be higher than those for SO 2 . NO x reductions of 40% have been observed with a fuel (coal)-to-air equivalence ratio, φ, around 2. The filter has been shown to be 97-99% efficient in removing PM 2.5 particulates. Calculations herein show that this integrated sorbent/filter method is costeffective, in comparison with current technologies, on both capital cost ($/kW) and levelized cost ($/ton pollutant removed) bases, if a limestone/coal mixture is used as the sorbent for fossil fuel plants.Capital costs for the filter/sorbent combination are estimated to be in the range of $61-$105/kW for a new plant. Because current technologies are designed for removing one pollutant at a time, both their cost and space requirements are higher than those of this integrated technique. At the minimum projected removal efficiencies for HCl/SO 2 /NO x of about 40%, the levelized costs are projected to be $203-$261/ton of combined pollutant SO 2 /HCl/NO x and particulates removed from coalfired power pla...

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“…Therefore, OCCs have the fuel characteristics which can significantly improve the quality of SHC combustion due to increases of VM in the blended fuels. Meanwhile, alkali metal and alkalineearth metals added by OCC also have catalytic effect on the FC combustion (Steciak et al, 1995).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic calcium compounds on combustion characteristics of rice husk, sewage sludge, and bituminous coal: Thermogravimetric investigation

Zhang

Duan

Huang

2015

Bioresource Technology

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Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as dual SO₂ ‐NO_x emission Control Agent

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Effect of organic calcium compounds on combustion characteristics of rice husk, sewage sludge, and bituminous coal: Thermogravimetric investigation

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Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as dual SO2 ‐NOx emission Control Agent

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

Pore‐structure optimization of calcium carbonate for enhanced sulfation

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO2, NOx, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Effect of organic calcium compounds on combustion characteristics of rice husk, sewage sludge, and bituminous coal: Thermogravimetric investigation

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Product

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Effectiveness of calcium magnesium acetate as dual SO₂ ‐NO_x emission Control Agent

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants