Effectiveness of BA.1- and BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the BA.5-dominant period in Japan

Arashiro, Takeshi; Arima, Yuzo; Kuramochi, Jin; Muraoka, Hirokazu; Sato, Akira; Chubachi, Kumi; Yanai, Atsushi; Arioka, Hiroko; Uehara, Yuki; Ihara, Genei; Kato, Yasuyuki; Yanagisawa, Naoki; Ueda, Akihiro; Kato, Hideaki; Oka, Hideaki; Nishida, Yusuke; Nidaira, Yuki; Asami, Takahiro; Jinta, Torahiko; Nakamura, Akira; Oba, Kunihiro; Taniyama, Daisuke; Yamamoto, Kei; Tanaka, Katsushi; Ueshima, Kankuro; Fuwa, Tetsuji; Stucky, Ashley; Suzuki, Tadaki; Smith, Christopher; Hibberd, Martin L.; Ariyoshi, Koya; Suzuki, Motoi

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad240

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The emergence of breakthrough infections has led to the development of boosters with activity against the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants [ 26 , 35 , 61 , 62 ]. Laboratory studies have shown that antibodies from persons boosted with original/Omicron vaccines had an increased neutralization capacity [ 60 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple test-negative case–control studies in the US, Japan, Korea, Israel and Nordic countries have shown decreased rates of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in those who received an original/Omicron vaccine relative to those who did not, with additional vaccine effectiveness ranging from 45 to 89%. The studies include different populations and different prior vaccine schedules [ 25 , 27 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohort studies have shown increased neutralizing antibody responses to bivalent vaccines relative to boosters with the original vaccine brands against both the ancestral strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Population-based studies using test-negative case–control designs have shown increased vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and symptomatic infection due to SARS-CoV-2 variants with bivalent booster dosing in multiple geographic settings [ 25 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

Lovblom

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The initial two-dose vaccine series and subsequent booster vaccine doses have been effective in modulating SARS-CoV-2 disease severity and death but do not completely prevent infection. The correlates of infection despite vaccination continue to be under investigation. In this prospective decentralized study (n = 1286) comparing antibody responses in an older- (≥70 years) to a younger-aged cohort (aged 30–50 years), we explored the correlates of breakthrough infection in 983 eligible subjects. Participants self-reported data on initial vaccine series, subsequent booster doses and COVID-19 infections in an online portal and provided self-collected dried blood spots for antibody testing by ELISA. Multivariable survival analysis explored the correlates of breakthrough infection. An association between higher antibody levels and protection from breakthrough infection observed during the Delta and Omicron BA.1/2 waves of infection no longer existed during the Omicron BA.4/5 wave. The older-aged cohort was less likely to have a breakthrough infection at all time-points. Receipt of an original/Omicron vaccine and the presence of hybrid immunity were associated with protection of infection during the later Omicron BA.4/5 and XBB waves. We were unable to determine a threshold antibody to define protection from infection or to guide vaccine booster schedules.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Walmsley,

Nabipoor,

Lovblom

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Second, a few studies found prior infection could modify the efficacies of monovalent or bivalent boosters [37,50], but we were unable to stratify the VE estimates by prior infection status as most studies did not provide such information. Third, many studies included in this meta-analysis [21,22,29,32] did not specify the manufacturer or type of the bivalent booster and monovalent doses, introducing additional heterogeneity into and thus complicating the interpretation of our pooled results. This lack of granularity emphasizes the need for future studies to report VE estimates with greater specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA Booster Vaccines against Omicron Variants

Song,

Madewell,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: A global shift to bivalent mRNA vaccines is ongoing to counterbalance diminishing monovalent vaccine effectiveness (VE) due to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, yet substantial variation in the bivalent VE exists across studies and a complete picture is lacking. Methods: We searched papers evaluating SARS-CoV-2 bivalent mRNA vaccines on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv published from September 1st, 2022, to November 8th, 2023. Pooled VE against Omicron-associated infection and severe events was estimated in reference to unvaccinated, ≥2 monovalent doses, and ≥3 monovalent doses. Results: From 630 citations identified, 28 studies were included, involving 55,393,303 individuals. Bivalent boosters demonstrated superior protection against symptomatic or any infection compared to unvaccinated, ≥2 monovalent doses, and ≥3 monovalent doses, with corresponding relative VE estimated as 53.5% (95% CI: -22.2-82.3%), 30.8% (95% CI: 22.5-38.2%), and 28.4% (95% CI: 10.2-42.9%) for all ages, and 22.5% (95% CI: 16.8-39.8%), 31.4% (95% CI: 27.7-35.0%), and 30.6% (95% CI: -13.2-57.5%) for adults ≥60 years old. Pooled bivalent VE estimates against severe events were higher, 72.9% (95% CI: 60.5-82.4%), 57.6% (95% CI: 42.4-68.8%), and 62.1% (95% CI: 54.6-68.3%) for all ages, and 72.0% (95% CI: 51.4-83.9%), 63.4% (95% CI: 41.0-77.3%), and 60.7% (95% CI: 52.4-67.6%) for adults ≥60 years old, compared to unvaccinated, ≥2 monovalent doses, and ≥3 monovalent doses, respectively. Conclusions: Bivalent boosters demonstrated higher VE against severe outcomes than monovalent boosters across age groups, highlighting the critical need for improving vaccine coverage, especially among the vulnerable older subpopulation.

show abstract

“…The initial recommendation included persons aged 12 years or more (Pfizer-BioNTech) and 18 years or more (Moderna) who had completed at least a primary series of an approved monovalent vaccine (with or without subsequent booster doses). Several studies have found that booster vaccination with adapted vaccines targeting BA.4/BA.5 and BA.1 are associated with levels of vaccine effectiveness at preventing infection and severe disease ranging from 46% to 88% [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Adapted COVID-19 Vaccines and Ability to Establish Herd Immunity against Omicron BA.1 and BA4-5 Variants of SARS-CoV-2

Plans-Rubió

2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the ability of COVID-19 vaccination programs to establish adequate herd immunity levels in the population. This study assessed the effectiveness of adapted vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ability of the adapted vaccines to establish herd immunity against emerging Omicron variants. A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the absolute vaccine effectiveness (aVE) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection using adapted vaccines targeting Omicron variants. The ability of the adapted vaccines to establish herd immunity was assessed by taking into account the following factors: aVE, Ro values of SARS-CoV-2 and the use of non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). This study found meta-analysis-based aVEs in preventing severe disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection of 56–60% and 36–39%, respectively. Adapted vaccines could not establish herd immunity against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.4-5 variants without using non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs). The adapted vaccines could establish herd immunity only by achieving >80% vaccination coverage, using NPIs with greater effectiveness and when 20–30% of individuals were already protected against SARS-CoV-2 in the population. New adapted COVID-19 vaccines with greater effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection must be developed to increase herd immunity levels against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the population.

show abstract

Effectiveness of BA.1- and BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the BA.5-dominant period in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

Predictors of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Vaccination

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA Booster Vaccines against Omicron Variants

Effectiveness of Adapted COVID-19 Vaccines and Ability to Establish Herd Immunity against Omicron BA.1 and BA4-5 Variants of SARS-CoV-2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About