Effectiveness of auricular acupoint therapy targeting menstrual pain for primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

BackgroundPrimary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a global public health concern affecting women's health and quality of life, leading to productivity loss and increased medical expenses. As a non‐pharmacological intervention, auricular acupoint therapy (AAT) has been increasingly applied to treat PD, but the overall effectiveness remains unclear.AimsThe aim of this review was to synthesize the effects of AAT targeting menstrual pain among females with PD.MethodsEight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data) and three registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry) were searched to identify existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 21 August 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted the data, and appraised the methodological quality and the evidence strength using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and the GRADE approach.ResultsA total of 793 participants from 11 RCTs were included. Despite substantial heterogeneity, AAT was more effective in reducing menstrual pain and related symptoms than placebo and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). No significant subgroup differences were found between study locations as well as invasiveness, duration, type, acupoints number, ear selection and provider of AAT. Only minor adverse effects of AAT were reported.Linking Evidence to ActionAAT can help women with PD, particularly those who are refrained from pharmaceuticals. Primary healthcare professionals, including nurses, can be well‐equipped to provide evidence‐based and effective AAT for people with PD. AAT can be used in a broader global clinical community. To provide an optimal effect and have wider usability, a unified practice standard is required, which would necessitate further adaptation of clinical care of people with PD. AAT effectively decreased menstrual pain and other accompanying symptoms of PD. More research is needed to identify effective AAT features and explore optimal therapy regimes for PD.

Knowledge Mapping of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Hotspots, Knowledge Structure, and Theme Trends

“… 10 Many alternative therapies, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, acupuncture, acupressure, and yoga, have been investigated. 1 , 11 , 12 It is often assumed that women can self-medicate adequately, but many affected women still do not take steps to cope. Most of the previous literature summarizes a brief view of PD through cross-sectional studies, but there is significant heterogeneity between studies and a need for long-term follow-up.…”