Effectiveness of and Perspectives for the Sedimentation Analysis Method in Grain Quality Evaluation in Various Cereal Crops for Breeding Purposes

Abstract

The existing standardized methods for assessing the quality of marketable grain do not always meet the requirements of the breeding, such as the method’s rapidity, sufficiency of the minimum amount of experimental material, the minimal modifying influence of the external environment on the degree of expression of a criterion, and genetic determination and heritability of the latter. One of the methods that meets these requirements is the sediment volume test. The present study offers an analysis and examples of methodological developments in relation to the assessment of winter bread wheat grain in arid regions of cultivation, as well as of winter triticale. The fluorescent probing method was used as an example for demonstrating the prospects for assessing the swelling of ground grain products of both bread and durum wheat, and for such crops with a less-strong complex of storage polymers as triticale, rye, and millet. A two-stage sedimentation procedure that allows a successful differentiation of samples has been developed for sorghum and maize grain. It is presented here alongside with methodological works on wheat from different countries of the world. Examples of the proven high reproducibility of the sediment volume test in the offspring, and its genetic determination are provided. In general, the data obtained and the material accumulated by various researchers indicate that a modification of the sedimentation method, correctly chosen for specific goals and objectives, solves the problem of assessing grain quality in breeding samples starting from early progenies. All these circumstances make the sedimentation testing the leading or most promising method for assessing grain quality when breeding of a broad range of grain crops is carried out.

Newly Developed Restorer Lines of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Resistant to Greenbug

“…Based on the results of sedimentation analysis, the volume of sediment of the first phase of the test in acetic acid was 38.6 mL, with minor variations between samples and replicates. However, after adding SDS, only the R-928-1 line turned out to be resistant to such an increase in physicochemical load, while the other lines, on the contrary, increased the volume of sediment and the SDS/AA ratio varied from 1.2 to 1.3 (Table S4), i.e., according to the type of swelling of the ground grain, they belonged to the third class of grain sorghum [16].…”

“…The protein complex of sorghum lines was assessed for its stable swelling ability using the sediment volume test with some modifications. In the first stage, the indices swelling in acetic acid were measured, and then, in the second stage, measurements were taken after the addition of anionic surfactant (SDS) and, ultimately, the ratio of these indicators was determined [16]. The rheological properties of sorghum-wheat composite flour were assessed with the Brabender FarinoGraph.…”

Hemoglobin specific volume width might promote the prevalence and poor long-term prognosis of American cardiovascular disease adult patients: the NHANES 1999-2020

“…It is widely applied in muscle testing 12 and food [13][14][15] but never in hemoglobin. For example, the muscle specific volume illustrates the skeletal muscle volume in different individuals 12 .…”

Hemoglobin specific volume width promotes the prevalence and poor long-term prognosis of American adult hypertensive patients: the NHANES 1999-2020

“…As the inverse of density, the speci c volume describes the volume per unit mass. It is widely applied in muscle testing 10 and food [11][12][13] but never in hemoglobin. For example, the muscle speci c volume illustrates the skeletal muscle volume in different individuals 10 .…”