Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Program Performed on Obese People Regarding Nutritional Habits and Metabolic Comorbidity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Obesity is an important public health problem. The combined use of different therapies performed by an interdisciplinary group can improve the management of this health issue. The main goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program based on healthy eating, exercise, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and health education in improving metabolic comorbidity, Body Mass Index (BMI), and nutritional habits among obese adults, at short (12 months) and long term (24 months). A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at a community care center between February 2014 and February 2016. A random sampling was done (299), total population (3262). A sample of 74 subjects diagnosed with obesity (experimental group, n = 37 and control group, n = 37) was conducted. Inclusion criteria: obese people (BMI: >30 kg/m2) with metabolic comorbidity and bad nutritional habits. Exclusion criteria: other comorbidities. A 12-month interdisciplinary program (with pre-test, 12 months and 24 months of follow-up) was applied. Intervention is based on healthy eating, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The intervention had a positive effect on nutritional habits (F2;144 = 115.305; p < 0.001). The experimental group increased fruit and vegetable intake (F2;144 = 39.604, p < 0.001), as well as fortified foods (F2;144 = 10,076, p < 0.001) and reduced fats, oils, and sweets F2;144 = 24,086, p < 0.001). In the experimental group, a BMI reduction of 2.6 to 24 months was observed. At follow-up, no participant had inadequate nutritional habits, compared to 35.1% of the control group (χ22 = 33,398; p < 0.001). There was also a positive response of metabolic comorbidities in the intervention group. The interdisciplinary program improved all participants’ metabolic parameters, BMI, and nutritional habits while maintaining the long-term effects (24 months).

Effectiveness of weight management interventions for adults delivered in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“…Included trials (see supplementary table 1) were individual randomised controlled trials (n=25) 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 38 39 41 44 45 46 47 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 59 or cluster randomised controlled trials (n=9). 23 30 31 36 37 48 49 57 58 Most were conducted in the US (n=14), 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 45 48 51 54 55 UK (n=7), 27 28 38 41 47 57 58 and Spain (n=4).…”

“… 23 30 31 36 37 48 49 57 58 Most were conducted in the US (n=14), 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 45 48 51 54 55 UK (n=7), 27 28 38 41 47 57 58 and Spain (n=4). 25 44 46 49 The median number of participants was 276 (range 50-864).…”

“…We contacted the authors of four included trials (from the updated search) for further information. 23 24 25 26 …”

Weight Loss and Improvement of Metabolic Alterations in Overweight and Obese Children Through the I2AO2 Family Program: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…This study was based on the I 2 AO 2 program, which has demonstrated particularly good efficacy in overweight and obese adults from the same geographical setting (Fernández-Ruiz, Armero-Barranco, et al, 2018), resulting in reduced cardiometabolic comorbidity (Fernández-Ruiz et al, 2018a) and improved eating habits and sedentary behavior, together with a positive impact upon quality of life (Fernández-Ruiz et al, 2018b, 2020). In this work, the participants were randomly assigned to two groups and the trial was conducted over one school year (i.e., 9 months from 1 September 2015 to 30 June 2016).…”

“…Some recent, nurse-led multidisciplinary programs such as the Interdisciplinary Intervention Against Overweight and Obesity (I 2 AO 2 ) intervention have demonstrated the efficacy of addressing obesity and metabolic comorbidity in obese adults, resulting in weight loss and the modification of both eating and physical activity habits (Fernández-Ruiz et al, 2018b, 2020). This program is based on healthy eating education, physical exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and poses no additional costs.…”