Effectiveness of Ampicillin Against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Anderson, Kenneth N.; Kennedy, Roger P.; Plorde, James J.; Shulman, Jonas A.; Petersdorf, Robert G.

doi:10.1001/jama.1964.03060210005001

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The average maximal concentration was 7.7 Ag/ml 40 min after administration of pivampicillin, and 2.6 Ag/ml 1 fasting subjects after single oral 1,400-mg doses of pivampicillin alone or in combination with 1000 mg of probenecid are shown in Table 5, and mean serum curves are presented in Fig. 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the introduction of ampicillin in 1961 (1,19,22,23) constituted a major advance in systemic chemotherapy by extending the advantages of the penicillins to gram-negative organisms, ampicillin therapy has suffered from the disadvantage of incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, only about 25 to 30% of the orally administered ampicillin being recovered in urine (11,13). This problem has recently been overcome by the development of pivampicillin (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical Pharmacology of Pivampicillin

Roholt

Nielsen

Kristensen

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Studies on pivampicillin hydrochloride and ampicillin trihydrate, administered in capsules to healthy volunteers, indicated that pivampicillin was absorbed more efficiently from the gastrointestinal tract than ampicillin. Average peak concentrations of ampicillin in the serum after doses equimolar to 250 mg of ampicillin were 6.8 gg/ml at 56 min with pivampicillin and 1.96,ug/ml at 1 h 24 min with ampicillin. The maximal concentration after pivampicillin treatment was also higher than that recorded when twice the equimolar dose of ampicillin, which averaged 3.2 ,ug/ml at 1 h 42 min, was used. The urinary excretion of ampicillin, expressed as a percentage of the administered dose, averaged 67 to 73 and 25 to 29% after administration of pivampicillin and ampicillin, respectively. The bioavailability of ampicillin, taken as the area under the serum curve, obtained with pivampicillin at a 250-mg ampicillin dose level was superior to that obtained with a 500-mg dose of ampicillin. Comparison of a suspension intended for children, containing the pivampicillin free base with a suspension of ampicillin trihydrate, emphasized the difference recorded for the capsule preparations. Administration of pivampicillin with a meal rich in fat and protein had no depressant effect on the absorption. Concurrent administration of probenecid caused higher and prolonged concentrations of ampicillin in the serum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Pivampicillin

Roholt

Nielsen

Kristensen

1974

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Such organisms have become relatively more important as hospital pathogens (Anderson et al 1964) since the introduction of the ' penicillinase-stable ' penicillins, methicillin and cloxacillin, which has temporarily checked the penicillinase-producing Staphy Zococcus aureus. It is of considerable interest, from a fundamental as well as from a clinical viewpoint, to determine why K .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1962;Anderson et al 1964), and this paper is concerned with some facets of this resistance in twelve strains, with particular reference to their in vitro lack of sensitivity to ampicillin and benzylpenicillin. A brief report of part of the work described here has been made (Hamilton-Miller, Smith & Knox, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of Resistance to Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin in Twelve Klebsiella Strains

Hamilton‐Miller

1965

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYTube sensitivity tests show that, of twelve penicillins, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin and 6-aminopenicillanic acid were the most active when tested against medium-sized inocula ( 106 organisms) of twelve strains of penicillinase-producing Klebsiella ( 11 Klebsiella mrogems and 1 R. oxaenae), which had been isolated from clinical material and were resistant to both ampicillin and tetracycline. An inoculum size effect was consistently noted when ampicillin and benzylpenicillin were tested against different inocula ; the effect was significantly greater with ampicillin. The following parameters were measured for the strains, using both benzylpenicillin and ampicillin : magnitude of the inoculum size effect; inherent sensitivity (sensitivity of a small inoculum) ; rate of penicillin destruction; ability of penicillins to pass bacterial permeability barriers. From considerations of the relationships between these values, it has been concluded that penicillinase is primarily responsible for the observed resistance of only two of the twelve strains ; although penicillinase and the lack of ability of penicillins to obtain free access into the bacterial cells add to the over-all penicillin resistance of the other ten strains, the primary reason for their penicillin resistance is neither their possession of penicillinase nor their permeability barrier : such resistance presumably reflects an innate lack of sensitivity of the cell wall synthesizing complex to inhibition by penicillins.

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“…Regarding the Ampicillin, scientists reported that this antibiotic is highly effective against E. coli and P. mirabilis (Anderson et al, 1964). Similarly, it was found that 241, bacteria which were isolated from patients with UTI, all were sensitive to ampicillin (Brumfitt et al, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibiotics Sensitivities against Some UTI Pathogens

Aziz¹

2016

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Effectiveness of Ampicillin Against Gram-Negative Bacteria

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical Pharmacology of Pivampicillin

Clinical Pharmacology of Pivampicillin

Modes of Resistance to Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin in Twelve Klebsiella Strains

Evaluation of Antibiotics Sensitivities against Some UTI Pathogens

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