Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention for the improvement of nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of children in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province, China

Nutritional counseling in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review

“…All studies were published between 1990 and 2022 in different countries: United States of America ( n = 10) ( 27 , 29 – 31 , 34 – 36 , 39 , 42 , 47 ), China ( n = 2) ( 43 , 45 ), Korea ( n = 2) ( 32 , 46 ), Netherlands ( n = 1) ( 37 ), Brazil ( n = 1) ( 38 ), Switzerland ( n = 1) ( 28 ), Mexico ( n = 1) ( 33 ), Italy ( n = 1) ( 40 ). One study was conducted in the United Kingdom and Canada ( 44 ) and one study in the USA and Canada ( 41 ).…”

“…Some of the articles (23.8%) evaluated individuals with chronic diseases [hypertension ( 35 ), cystic fibrosis ( 34 , 47 ), dyslipidemia ( 27 ), or risk for diabetes type 2 ( 30 )]. Seven articles (33.3%) were focused on students ( 31 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 ). The interventions were conducted by different figures: multidisciplinary team ( n = 6) ( 30 , 32 – 34 , 37 , 47 ), nutrition professional (dietitian, nutritionist) ( n = 5) ( 35 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 46 ), nutrition professional with another health professional (physician, nurse, exercise therapist or social worker) ( n = 3) ( 28 , 29 , 39 ), and other figures ( n = 4) ( 31 , 36 , 40 , 42 ).…”

“…The interventions were conducted by different figures: multidisciplinary team ( n = 6) ( 30 , 32 – 34 , 37 , 47 ), nutrition professional (dietitian, nutritionist) ( n = 5) ( 35 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 46 ), nutrition professional with another health professional (physician, nurse, exercise therapist or social worker) ( n = 3) ( 28 , 29 , 39 ), and other figures ( n = 4) ( 31 , 36 , 40 , 42 ). In 3 studies the counselor was not specified ( 27 , 43 , 45 ).…”

“…The majority of the studies did not mention any theory to embase the NC ( n = 10, 47.6%) ( 28 , 29 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 46 , 47 ). In the remaining studies, NC interventions were mainly based on: Social Cognitive Theory ( n = 7, 33.3%) ( 27 , 30 , 33 , 36 , 42 , 43 , 45 ), Self Determination Theory ( n = 3, 14.3%) ( 30 , 42 , 44 ) and Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change ( n = 2, 9.5%) ( 31 , 39 ).…”

“…The outcomes also varied between studies, some of them reporting several outcomes. Ten studies (47.6%) described anthropometric or body composition changes ( 28 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 37 , 44 – 47 ), six studies (28.6%) investigated dietary intake ( 31 , 35 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 46 ) three studies (14.3%) evaluated nutrition knowledge ( 36 , 39 , 43 ) or physical activity changes, reporting positive ( 30 , 31 ) or negative results ( 42 ). Other outcomes studied were self-efficacy or coping skills ( 27 , 30 ) and efficacy of a program planners tool to design interventions ( 33 ).…”