Effectiveness of a Disease Index System in Evaluating Corn for Resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

Kühn, Christina; Smith, Thomas H.

doi:10.1094/phyto-67-288

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Level "4" denoted that the maize plant was completely infested, and level '5' represented that the whole maize plant had died. We individually measured the corn height in each cage and calculated the damage index as ∑ ([The damage level of corn plants × number of infested plants]/number of total plants) according to the definition of disease index (Kuhn & Smith, 1977).…”

Section: Outdoor Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of three Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs

Yang

Lü

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most polyphagous and migratory pests posing a great threat to crops. The Trichogramma species (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) play an important role in dampening pest oscillations. In this study, we examined the performance of three egg parasitoids, T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi and T. pretiosum, to control S. frugiperda. Indoor experiments indicated significant differences in fecundity and female proportion between T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi and T. pretiosum. However, no significant differences were observed in developmental duration and female parasitic capacity. Field trials were carried out to clarify their control efficiency. Results showed that the parasitism rates of three parasitoids ranged from 10.7% to 31.4%, without significant differences. Moreover, field release of parasitoids resulted in significant decreases in damage rate (the ratio of infested plants) and damage index. A positive correlation was revealed between temperature (14.5–24.5 °C) and parasitism rate of T. chilonis. In contrast, the relative humidity (66% ~ 77%) did not affect their performance. Taken together, all three Trichogramma species can be used as potential agents to control S. frugiperda, which undoubtedly lays a solid foundation for their application.

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Section: Outdoor Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of three Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs

Yang

Lü

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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“…This has been the practice for many years among breeders and geneticists working with large, field-grown populations, and different communities of researchers have developed standardized categorical scales or indices for important whole-plant phenotypes that are easy to apply (Clarke et al 1992; De Boever et al 1993; International Rice Research Institute 1996; Kuhn and Smith 1977; Molina-Cano 1987; Yuan et al 2004). For example, traits such as flowering time or disease resistance are frequently estimated using a visual assessment of “days to 50 % flowering” in a row or plot, or “percent leaf area affected” on individual diseased plants.…”

Section: Sampling Vs Controlling Environmental Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation phenotyping: requirements and strategies for enhancing our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships and its relevance to crop improvement

et al. 2013

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More accurate and precise phenotyping strategies are necessary to empower high-resolution linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies and for training genomic selection models in plant improvement. Within this framework, the objective of modern phenotyping is to increase the accuracy, precision and throughput of phenotypic estimation at all levels of biological organization while reducing costs and minimizing labor through automation, remote sensing, improved data integration and experimental design. Much like the efforts to optimize genotyping during the 1980s and 1990s, designing effective phenotyping initiatives today requires multi-faceted collaborations between biologists, computer scientists, statisticians and engineers. Robust phenotyping systems are needed to characterize the full suite of genetic factors that contribute to quantitative phenotypic variation across cells, organs and tissues, developmental stages, years, environments, species and research programs. Next-generation phenotyping generates significantly more data than previously and requires novel data management, access and storage systems, increased use of ontologies to facilitate data integration, and new statistical tools for enhancing experimental design and extracting biologically meaningful signal from environmental and experimental noise. To ensure relevance, the implementation of efficient and informative phenotyping experiments also requires familiarity with diverse germplasm resources, population structures, and target populations of environments. Today, phenotyping is quickly emerging as the major operational bottleneck limiting the power of genetic analysis and genomic prediction. The challenge for the next generation of quantitative geneticists and plant breeders is not only to understand the genetic basis of complex trait variation, but also to use that knowledge to efficiently synthesize twenty-first century crop varieties.

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“…Accessions with a disease index between 25 and 50 were classified as medium resistant, while accessions with a disease index of less than 25 were classified as resistant. This classifica-tion was adapted from the disease index system used for the evaluation of corn for resistance to Maize dwarf mosaic virus (Kuhn et al, 1977). All accessions that were classified as resistant or medium resistant, based on their disease index 35 days after inoculation, were transplanted into a greenhouse at the Pongyeng Research Station for continued observation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Capsicum Accessions for Tomato Necrotic Ringspot Virus Resistance

Puangmalai¹,

Potapohn²,

Akarapisarn³

et al. 2013

CMUJNS

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This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of standardized γ-oryzanol-rich extracts on oxidative DNA damage induced by Fenton reaction and antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. Six cultivars of Thai purple rice were collected in northern Thailand. Rice bran was extracted with hexane/ethyl acetate mixture and the extract was evaporated to obtain crude rice bran oil. Each rice bran oil was further purified by column chromatography to obtain the γ-oryzanol-rich extract. The extracts contained γ-oryzanol in the range of 1.17 -7.54 % w/w, in which GAM THOR exhibited the highest γ-oryzanol content. The extr \acts containing more than 5.0 % w/w γ-oryzanol (GAM THOR, GAM DOI MUSUR and GAM SUKHOTHAI-2) were selected to be standardized with γ-oryzanol and then the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage and antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT 116, MDA-MB-468 and PC3) were investigated. The extracts (10 µg/ml) exhibited a protective effect on oxidative DNA damage induced by Fenton reaction as compared with standard quercetin (lower than 5 µg/ml). Furthermore, all of the extracts exerted antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. GAM THOR exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity against HT-29, HCT 116, MDA-MB-468 and PC3 with an 50% inhibition concentration value of 52.18 ± 1.21, 40.58 ± 5.69, 48.59 ± 2.40 and 51.61 ± 1.30 µg/ml, respectively. From these findings, γ-oryzanolrich extracts from Thai purple rice bran show potential as chemopreventive supplements or in nutraceuticals.

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Effectiveness of a Disease Index System in Evaluating Corn for Resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of three Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs

Performance of three Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs

Next-generation phenotyping: requirements and strategies for enhancing our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships and its relevance to crop improvement

Screening Capsicum Accessions for Tomato Necrotic Ringspot Virus Resistance

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