Effectiveness of a Barge-Based Ballast Water Treatment System for Multi-Terminal Ports

Abstract

The paper presents outcomes of the discrete event simulation of the ballast water management in a multi-terminal port. The simulation includes ship's manoeuvring, cargo and ballast operations and a barge-based ballast water treatment system operating within all terminal areas. The barge-based ballast water treatment system is used by ships KEY WORDSballast water management; ballast reception facility; discrete event simulation; INTRODUCTIONThe transfer of harmful organisms and pathogens across natural barriers has been recognized as one of the greatest threats to the world's oceans and seas, causing global environmental changes, and posing threat to human health, property and resources [1]. Ballast water transfer by ships was recognized as a prominent vector for movement of such species and was regulated by the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship´s Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 (BWM Convention). The BWM Convention sets the global standards on ballast water management (BWM) requirements, while recognizing that regional and local specifics have to be considered for its effective implementation [1].According to the BWM Convention, ballast water management is primarily based on ships, i.e. ballast water exchange as per D-1 standard and ship-board treatment technologies as per D-2 standard, but portbased technologies may also be used to comply with the D-2 standard [2].Port-based technologies can be divided into: -Land-based reception systems -a ballast water treatment (BWT) plant is located ashore and connected with terminals by pipeline system. -Land-based mobile systems -a BWT plant is loaded on a truck or a similar vehicle and moved in the vicinity of the ship requiring service. -Barge-based reception systems -a BWT plant is located either on the barge (with or without its own propulsion) or a barge is used to accept ballast from ships and transfer it to land-based facility.The study by Brown and Coldwell in 2007 [3] is the first known study completely devoted to port-based ballast water treatment. In this study several different technologies and implementation options, including some quite radical approaches, have been investigated. Based on the cost and access options the study concluded that the most convenient port-based BWT system is the one using a barge with plant installed onboard. The same research group continued the study in 2008 [4] focusing on the barge-based ballast water treatment system. The study examined the necessary retrofitting of ships as well as the main characteristics of the barge and water treatment technology that may be used on board barge.The study prepared in Denmark in 2012 [5] investigates the possibilities and feasibility of the port-based ballast water treatment by mobile units. The study has been based on two Danish ports and includes several EFFECTIVENESS OF A BARGE-BASED BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR MULTI-TERMINAL PORTSTraffic and Environment (Ecology) Preliminary Communication

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