Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against community acquired pneumonia among children in China, an observational cohort study

Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Jun; Shao, Xuejun; Feng, Shuang; Xu, Xinxin; Zheng, Benfeng; Liu, Changpeng; Dai, Zirui; Jiang, Qin; Gessner, Bradford D.; Chen, Qinghui; Zhu, Jun; Luan, Lin; Tian, Jianmei

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.075

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…PCV-7 vaccine had been introduced in China since 2008, and it was replaced by PCV-13 vaccine in 2016, which can prevent pneumococcal infection of 13 different serotypes. 27 , 28 Previous studies have shown that the current pneumococcal vaccine PCV-13 can effectively cover the main drug-resistant serotypes in China, and the vaccine coverage rate in adults was 62%. 21 If the vaccine were widely used, it will definitely impose a significant impact on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes and resistant clones, and this will be a new opportunity for the rational use of antibacterial drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of the Most Common Causative Pathogens Associated with Community-acquired Respiratory Infections in China: 2009–2018

Zhao¹,

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses new challenges in the management of community acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs). Therefore, surveillance on the antimicrobial susceptibilities of common respiratory pathogens is valuable and guides empirical therapeutic choices in management of CARTIs. Objective The objective of the current study is to summarize the antimicrobial resistance trends in common respiratory tract pathogens isolated from patients with CARTIs in China, over a 10-year period (2009–2018). Methods Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis strains were collected from multicenter, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in the research central laboratory of each study period from 2009–2018. The pathogens that accounted for CARTIs in the adult population was considered and summarized. Results From 2009–2018 a total of 3750 isolates were collected from 22 cities located across different regions of China. Among these the most common bacterial isolates include S. pneumoniae (53.7%) followed by H. influenza (32.4%), M. catarrhalis (13.9%). S. pneumoniae exhibited reduction in susceptibility and increase in resistance to penicillin, cephalosporins (cefaclor, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone) during the surveillance period. Invasive and noninvasive S. pneumoniae showed similar resistance. In the case of H. influenzae susceptibility to β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin, amoxicillin and AMC), SXT, clarithromycin and cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefaclor, ceftazidime) was reduced over the past 10 years with an exception of ceftriaxone. Overall, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin have the highest susceptibility rates against S. pneumoniae (>95%) and H. influenza (>90%). M. catarrhalis exhibited susceptibility to almost all the tested antimicrobials. Conclusion In China the 10-year trends showed a substantial increase in resistance to β-lactam drugs and reduction in sensitivity. However, certain antimicrobial agents namely fluoroquinolones including moxifloxacin and levofloxacin maintained low resistance rates with better susceptibility. Further, with few exceptions decline in susceptibility rates to macrolides and cephalosporins was observed among the tested pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of the Most Common Causative Pathogens Associated with Community-acquired Respiratory Infections in China: 2009–2018

Zhao¹,

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…This conclusion is consistent with other cohort evidence. An observational study conducted by Zhang et al in Suzhou, China found a vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 61% for a first hospital visit with community acquired pneumonia associated with PCV13 serotype carriage (VT-CAP) and 18% for clinically defined CAP in Suzhou, China [41] . Although the coverage rate in newborns has risen quickly in Songjiang District, it has been only 3 years since the introduction of vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on all-cause pneumonia in children under 5 years in Shanghai, China: An observational study

Tian,

Zheng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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“…Epidemiologic studies from global regions outside of China have demonstrated that implementation of national PCV infant programs is associated with substantial reductions in pneumococcal disease among young children. 18–23 However, PCV13 uptake using the licensed infant schedule in China has been low, 27 and vaccination of young (<6 years) children who went unvaccinated as infants may be an alternative approach for protecting this age group against pneumococcal disease. A study in Taiwan showed that a PCV13 catch-up program targeting children 2–5 years of age led to a 69% reduction in IPD rates among children ≤5 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study evaluating safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Chinese infants and children under 6 years of age

Cui

Pan

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a considerable disease burden among children in China. Many isolates exhibit antimicrobial resistance but are often serotypes covered by the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Because the approved infant immunization schedule in China allows PCV13 vaccination only for those 6 weeks to 15 months of age, this phase 3 study was conducted to evaluate PCV13 immunogenicity and safety in unvaccinated older infants and children. Eligible participants were stratified by age into four cohorts: Cohort 1 ( n = 125), 6 weeks−2 months; Cohort 2 ( n = 354), 7−<12 months; Cohort 3 ( n = 250), 1 −<2 years; Cohort 4 ( n = 207), 2−<6 years. Cohort 1 received PCV13 at ages 2, 4, and 6 months; older cohorts were randomized 2:1 to PCV13 or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine using age-appropriate schedules. Within-group immune responses were assessed by immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers. Safety evaluations included solicited reactogenicity events and adverse events (AEs). IgG geometric mean concentrations and OPA geometric mean titers for all 13 PCV13 serotypes increased for all participants vaccinated with PCV13, but not those vaccinated with Hib. Immune responses in Cohorts 2–4 were generally comparable with those in Cohort 1 (the infant series) for most serotypes. PCV13 was well tolerated across cohorts, with reported AEs consistent with expectations in these age groups; no new safety signals were identified. These results suggest that PCV13 administered as a catch-up regimen to infants and children 7 months−<6 years of age in China will effectively reduce vaccine-type pneumococcal disease in this population. NCT03574389.

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Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against community acquired pneumonia among children in China, an observational cohort study

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of the Most Common Causative Pathogens Associated with Community-acquired Respiratory Infections in China: 2009–2018

Antimicrobial Resistance Trends of the Most Common Causative Pathogens Associated with Community-acquired Respiratory Infections in China: 2009–2018

Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on all-cause pneumonia in children under 5 years in Shanghai, China: An observational study

A randomized, open-label, phase 3 study evaluating safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Chinese infants and children under 6 years of age

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