Effectiveness and safety comparison of three eye and orbital reconstruction techniques in facial plastic surgery

Minimal evisceration combined with orbital implantation

“…The incidence of enophthalmos was higher in the Russian dolls technique group. [7] No enophthalmos occurred in this study. This was likely due to the large elastic space in the posterior bulbar muscle cone, which allowed an implant with a diameter of 22 mm or more to be implanted, which could correct the orbital volume loss better, and ensure the full appearance of the socket.…”

“…At present, the anophthalmic socket reconstruction methods commonly used in the clinic include the Russian doll technique, four petals technique and on-the-table technique, all of which are modified eye evisceration procedures. [7,8] C.Kaeilani et al compared the effectiveness and safety of the three surgical techniques and found that the four petals technique had the best postoperative cosmetic effect, the fewest complications, and the lowest reoperation rate. [7] The surgery technique adopted in this clinical study was also modified eye evisceration, which was different from other classic surgeries in the following aspects: 1) Tenon's capsule in only one quadrant (superior nasal) needed to be separated after the conjunctival peritomy; 2) Only a lateral incision to the optic papilla on the sclera was made, 3) There was no extraocular muscle separation; 4) Implants with larger diameters were available, both of which were 22 mm; and 5) There were fewer surgery steps, shorter surgery times, less blood loss, and shorter hospitalization times.…”

A triple-layered closing technique using the recti muscles to augment implant coverage in eye enucleation after maxillofacial radiotherapy: A case report

“…The actions of the rectus muscles are elevation, lowering, abduction and adduction [14,15]. This procedure does not adversely affect prosthesis movement, nor does shorten the inferior and superior sulcus for prosthesis support.…”