Effectiveness and Feasibility of Utilizing E4D Technology as a Teaching Tool in a Preclinical Dental Education Environment

Abstract

Recent efforts have been directed towards utilizing CAD/CAM technology in the education of future dentists. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of implementing CAD/CAM technology in instruction on preparing a tooth for restoration. Students at one dental school were assigned access to CAD/CAM technology vs. traditional preparation methods in a randomized, crossover design. In a convenience sample of a second-year class, seventy-six of the seventy-nine students volunteered to participate, for a response rate of 96 percent. Two analyses were performed on this pilot data: a primary effectiveness analysis comparing students' competency exam scores by intervention group (intention-to-treat analysis) and a secondary eficacy analysis comparing competency exam scores among students who reported using CAD/CAM versus those who did not. The effectiveness analysis showed no difference in outcomes by intervention group assignment. While student survey results indicated interest in utilizing the technology, the actual utilization rate was much less than one might anticipate, yielding a sample size that limited statistical power. The secondary analysis demonstrated higher mean competency exam scores for students reporting use of CAD/CAM compared to those who did not use the technology, but these results did not reach statistical signiicance (p=0.075). Prior research has investigated the eficacy of CAD/CAM in a controlled educational trial, but this study adds to the literature by investigating student use of CAD/CAM in a real-world, self-study fashion. Further studies should investigate ways in which to increase student utilization of CAD/CAM and whether or not increased utilization, with a larger sample size, would yield signiicant outcomes.

Investigation of inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability using digital dental software for prosthodontics crown preparations

“…Similar to the concept of pre-formed standardized points of measurement, another study examined whether specific processes can be employed to assist software alignment of master and sample models. 7 It was demonstrated that the most accurate alignment of models was obtained using small dots placed diagonally on the buccal and lingual gingiva below the teeth in front of and behind the tooth preparation being evaluated by a faculty staff member. In this study, the students used the software for the first time and this lack of experience may have influenced the results compared to the above study.…”

“…It can be theorized, therefore, that student's preparation may be less accurate in terms of posterior crown preparations compared to anterior preparations. Several other studies have previously determined the validity and effectiveness of implementing this technology into student curriculum, 2,4,[6][7][8] although to the best of the authors' knowledge, all others have assessed only posterior teeth and none have compared the effect of using standardized measuring points.…”

“…Thus contrasting with several studies, whereby the intent was to assess the effectiveness as a faculty grading tool and operators were recruited through faculty staff. 2,4,7,8 Throughout the process, it was discovered that, as the operators became accustomed to the scanner and the software, scanning and measuring processes increased in efficiency. If this protocol was to be introduced into prosthodontic studies, adequate training must be provided to the students prior to application.…”

“…4 Pilot applications of such educational technology have been promising, with researchers advocating for their implementation within dental curriculum upon further detailed assessment and maturation of the software. [5][6][7][8] The Planmeca Emerald (Planmeca Illinois, USA) coupled with Romexis Compare (version 3) software allows students and staff to objectively assess crown preparations, receive numerical values of key dimensions, and subsequently undergo comparison with ideal crown preparation dimensions. 9 A consistent and objective assessment and evaluation method is crucial to the learning process of dental students through supporting the development of self-reflection and assessment skills.…”

Today’s Dentistry: An Invaluable Experience with CAD/CAM Knowledge

“…In addition to their expanded use in the laboratory, ( Figure 1) CAD/CAM is being used in academic settings in both a chair side and simulation setting to enhance a student's education [2][3][4] . At NYU College of Dentistry CAD/CAM technology is introduced to students at various levels throughout their education [5][6][7] . Students receive lectures in their second year detailing the procedures, indications, and technique required for CAD/CAM restorations.…”