Effectiveness and Efficiency of Controlling Campylobacter on Broiler Chicken Meat

Havelaar, Arie H.; Mangen, Marie-Josée J.; Koeijer, A.A. de; Bogaardt, M.J.; Evers, Eric G.; Jacobs-Reitsma, W.F.; Pelt, Wilfrid van; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Wit, G. Ardine de; Zee, H. van der; Nauta, Maarten

doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00835.x

Cited by 42 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Case control studies indicate that the handling or consumption of poultry meat is an important source of campylobacteriosis, accounting for about 20 to 40% of cases in those countries for which data are available, including the Netherlands (18), United Kingdom (40), and Australia (37). However, source attribution studies using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) suggest that Campylobacter strains associated with poultry may account for up to 80% of cases (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Molecular Epidemiological Study of Thermophilic Campylobacters on One Conventional Broiler Chicken Farm

Ridley¹,

Morris

Cawthraw³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Improved understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of Campylobacter in the poultry farm environment is key to developing appropriate farm-based strategies for preventing flock colonization. The sources of Campylobacter causing broiler flock colonization were investigated on one poultry farm and its environment, from which samples were obtained on three occasions during each of 15 crop cycles. The farm was adjacent to a dairy farm, with which there was a shared concreted area and secondary entrance. There was considerable variation in the Campylobacter status of flocks at the various sampling times, at median ages of 20, 26, and 35 days, with 3 of the 15 flocks remaining negative at slaughter. Campylobacters were recoverable from various locations around the farm, even while the flock was Campylobacter negative, but the degree of environmental contamination increased substantially once the flock was positive. Molecular typing showed that strains from house surroundings and the dairy farm were similar to those subsequently detected in the flock and that several strains intermittently persisted through multiple crop cycles. The longitudinal nature of the study suggested that bovine fecal Campylobacter strains, initially recovered from the dairy yard, may subsequently colonize poultry. One such strain, despite being repeatedly recovered from the dairy areas, failed to colonize the concomitant flock during later crop cycles. The possibility of host adaptation of this strain was investigated with 16-day-old chickens experimentally exposed to this strain naturally present in, or spiked into, bovine feces. Although the birds became colonized by this infection model, the strain may preferentially infect cattle. The presence of Campylobacter genotypes in the external environment of the poultry farm, prior to their detection in broiler chickens, confirms the horizontal transmission of these bacteria into the flock and highlights the risk from multispecies farms.

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confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Molecular Epidemiological Study of Thermophilic Campylobacters on One Conventional Broiler Chicken Farm

Ridley¹,

Morris

Cawthraw³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In addition, logistic slaughter has been proposed, which involves the separated processing of colonized and noncolonized flocks (11). By processing the noncolonized flocks first, cross-contamination should be eliminated, enabling the production of Campylobacter-free carcasses for fresh meat at retail, while the remaining carcasses could be further processed by heat treatment or freeze storage (13) to reduce public health risk. Clearly, such a strategy is complex and resource intensive, and its success would be limited by the contribution of cross-contamination to final Campylobacter levels on carcasses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

Elvers

Morris

Newell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many of the poultry flocks produced in the United Kingdom are colonized with Campylobacter, and the intensive nature of poultry processing usually results in contaminated carcasses. In this study, a previously reported molecular oligonucleotide probe method was used to track a specific flock-colonizing strain(s) on broiler carcasses during processing in two United Kingdom commercial poultry processing plants. Five Campylobacter-positive flocks were sampled at four points along the processing line, postbleed, postpluck, prechill, and postchill, and two Campylobacter-negative flocks processed immediately after positive flocks were sampled prechill. flaA was sequenced from Campylobacter strains isolated from these flocks, and strain-specific probes were synthesized. Skin and cecal samples were plated onto selective agar to give individual colonies, which were transferred onto membranes. These were then hybridized with the strain-and genus-specific probes. For all the 5 positive flocks, there was a significant reduction in campylobacters postbleed compared to postpluck but no subsequent fall on sampling pre-and postchill, and the strain(s) predominating on the carcasses throughout processing came from the flock being processed. This indicates that strains from the abattoir environment were not a significant cause of carcass contamination in flocks with well-established campylobacter colonization. However, negative flocks that were preceded by positive flocks were contaminated by strains that did not generally originate from the predominating strains recovered from the ceca of the previous positive flocks. This suggests that the abattoir environment has a significant role in the contamination of carcasses from negative but not fully colonized flocks.

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“…Poultry products contaminated with Campylobacter in poultry has been recognized worldwide (Son et al, 1996;Denis et al, 2001;Saleha, 2004;Havelaar et al, 2007;Sallam, 2007). Such high prevalence of Campylobacter might be due to improper handling, contaminated water and cross-contamination in various stages of chicken processing as well as packaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

MPN-PCR enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in raw chicken meats and by-products

Tang

Ghazali

Saleha

et al. 2010

Front. Agric. China

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The goal of this study is to enumerate Campylobacter in chicken meats and by-products. In the current investigation, results showed that raw chicken meats and chicken by-products were contaminated with Campylobacter ranging from < 3 to 4600 MPN$g -1 . Campylobacter jejuni showed a higher number compared to Campylobacter coli in the chicken samples. The current study showed that the percentage of chicken livers and gizzards harbored a higher number of Campylobacter (10 3 -10 4 MPN$g -1 ) than other chicken parts at 33.3% and 9.2%, respectively. The different concentrations of Campylobacter between chicken meats and chicken byproducts reflect the differences in the contamination level. The data on Campylobacter concentration in chicken meats and by-products will be useful in risk analysis.

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Effectiveness and Efficiency of Controlling Campylobacter on Broiler Chicken Meat

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Longitudinal Molecular Epidemiological Study of Thermophilic Campylobacters on One Conventional Broiler Chicken Farm

Longitudinal Molecular Epidemiological Study of Thermophilic Campylobacters on One Conventional Broiler Chicken Farm

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

MPN-PCR enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in raw chicken meats and by-products

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