“…Various approaches, such as graph clustering, graph stream classification, subgraph mining, and frequent subgraph pattern detection, have been proposed for graph analysis [ 5 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Frequent subgraph pattern, which detects a subgraph frequently occurring during a specific period is a widely used analysis method for graph streams [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. In the IoT environment, frequent subgraph pattern is used for analyzing interactions among various objects or for determining anomalies [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”