“…Effective teaching and learning cannot happen in poorly managed classrooms (Hattie, 2009(Hattie, , 2012Korpershoek et al, 2016). If not managed effectively, classroom disturbances increase teachers' stress, drop-out, and job dissatisfaction (Clunies-Ross et al, 2008;Aldrup et al, 2018;Paramita et al, 2020). Further, ineffective classroom management strategies harm student wellbeing, responsibility, self-concept, and result in a greater amount of disruptive behavior in the classroom (Larrivee, 2005;Omoteso and Semudara, 2011).…”