Effective surface properties of light, heavy, and superheavy nuclei

Abstract

Starting from light to superheavy nuclei, we have calculated the effective surface properties such as the symmetry energy, neutron pressure, and symmetry energy curvature using the coherent density fluctuation model. The isotopic chains of O, Ca, Ni, Zr, Sn, Pb, and Z = 120 are considered in the present analysis, which cover nuclei over the whole nuclear chart. The matter density distributions of these nuclei along with the ground state bulk properties are calculated within the spherically symmetric effective field theory motivated relativistic mean field model by using the recently developed IOPB-I, FSUGarnet, and G3 parameter sets. The calculated results are compared with the predictions of the widely used NL3 parameter set and found in good agreement. We observe a few signature of shell and/or sub-shell structure in the isotopic chains of nuclei. The present investigations are quite relevant for the synthesis of exotic nuclei with high isospin asymmetry including superheavy and also to constrain an equation of state of nuclear matter.

Surface properties for Ne, Na, Mg, Al, and Si isotopes in the coherent density fluctuation model using the relativistic mean-field densities

“…Although the dimensions are the same in both approaches the expressions are different and the fact is that these nuclei are small in size. Nuclei having large size show almost the same values of symmetry energy in both approximations as we have shown in our previous work [67]. Here we get the maximum value of symmetry energy in the liquid drop approach which is 33.11 and 25.52 M eV in Brückner functional adoption for NL3* parameter set.…”

“…Here the neutron pressure and symmetry energy curvature are distributed within a range of -7 to -1 M eV /f m 3 and -550 to -250 M eV respectively. In some of our earlier study [16,21,58], we notice a relation of S A with the shell closure nature of magic number, i.e., we get a maximum of S A at the magic number. This correlation is seen only for light and medium mass nuclei.While searching such relation in the considered mass region although, we noticed such type of peaks at the presently reported magic number [59][60][61][62] within the Brückner's functional, but it does not show a regular pattern, as we are getting in medium mass region [21].…”

“…In the earlier studies, it is shown that the symmetry energy and/or neutron pressure is connected with the shell/sub-shell closure in the emergence of a peak and/or fall over an isotopic chain [14][15][16]67]. Hence the symmetry energy and its co-efficient (neutron pressure) can be used as an observable for predicting the neutron and/or proton magic at the dripline region.…”

Appearance of peak in symmetry energy at N = 126 for Pb isotopic chain within relativistic energy density functional

“…This is one of the most essential characteristics of nuclei that lies far from the stability line. Several recent studies have unequivocally demonstrated that the presence of kinks in symmetry energy of finite nuclei over the isotopic chain points to the existence of magic numbers [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The advancement in the sophisticated experimental radioactive ion beam facilities using the projectile-fragmentation reaction method with fast ion-beams at FRIB (USA) [13], RIKEN (Japan) [14], GSI (Germany) [15], FLNR (Russia) [16], CSR (China) [17] and SPIRAL2/GANIL (France) [18] have led to the renaissance of investigating the behaviour of symmetry energy at and above the saturation density [19].…”

“…In parallel to these the well known Brückner energy density functional (EDF) [34,35] within the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM) as those in Refs. [8,11,36,37] is successfully applied for the study of surface properties of nuclei. It is well-known that the classical Brückner energy density functional fails to satisfy the Coester-Band problem [38,39] i.e.…”