Effective removal of particles down to 15 nm using scalable metal-organic framework-based nanofiber filters

Review of component designs for post-COVID-19 HVAC systems: possibilities and challenges

“…In addition to removing the PMs, MOF-based filters also demonstrate multifunctionality by removing UFPs [ 90 ], selectively capturing toxic gaseous compounds (e.g., SO 2 ) [ 91 ] and VOCs (e.g., toluene) [ 92 ], and exhibiting photocatalytic bactericidal capability [ 93 ]. Such multi-functionalities originate from their tunable pore size, pore structure, and functional groups, which make the MOF-based filters the most promising candidate for air filtration in the post-COVID-19 HVAC systems.…”

“…Removal of UFPs: UFPs can be more easily deposited into the lung; they impact the other organs through blood circulation and even reach the brain through the olfactory nerve [ 90 ]. Therefore, special care should be taken to remove UFPs from indoor air.…”

“…Bian et al [ 90 ] demonstrated a scalable MOF-based nanofiber filter (ZIF-67@PAN) that could remove UFPs up to 15 nm. The filtration efficiencies for particles of various size distributions obtained by the filter were as follows: 96.6 ± 0.8, 98.1 ± 0.7, and 99.9 % for PM 2.5 , PM 1 , and PM 10 , respectively, under a face velocity 0.26 m/sec.…”

What We Are Learning from COVID-19 for Respiratory Protection: Contemporary and Emerging Issues

“…Rough and hairy surfaces of textile materials were found to improve filtration efficiency, which led to the introduction of rough morphological structures into nanofibrous materials to increase the specific surface area and porosity of NFMs and thereby increase the probability of capturing smaller particles such as viruses. Examples of NFMs containing a so-called “valley-and-rib” structure [ 377 ], secondary meso- and micropores [ 378 , 379 ], nanonets [ 380 , 381 ], and other hierarchical nanostructures (e.g., nanoparticles, nanorods, nanoflakes) [ 382 , 383 , 384 ] are shown in Figure 7 a. The addition of nano-roughness [ 385 , 386 ] and hydrophobic properties [ 387 , 388 ] to fiber surfaces can increase pathogen repulsion by creating a superhydrophobic-antifouling feature ( Figure 7 b), mimicking the surface of lotus leaves.…”

“…First of all, the development of new, innovative materials enabling many desirable functions for future RPDs. Delicate designed nanoscale materials can make various 3D structures to provide sequenced and layered capturing of harmful particles, thereby substantially improving filtration efficiency [ 377 , 379 , 383 , 412 ]. Biodegradable materials can significantly reduce the environmental impact of single-use RPD products [ 268 , 397 ].…”