Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries

Bourne, Rupert; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria; Sedighi, Tabassom; Tapply, Ian; McCormick, Ian; Jonas, Jost B.; Congdon, Nathan; Ramke, Jacqueline; Naidoo, Kovin; Fricke, Timothy R; Burton, Matthew; Müller, Andreas; Бикбов, М.М.; Furtado, João M.; Kyari, Fatima; He, Miao; Wang, Ya Xing; Vijaya, Lingam; Nangia, Vinay; Brian, Garry; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Fotouhi, Akbar; Hashemi, Hassan; Khandekar, Rajiv; Marmamula, Srinivas; Salomão, Solange Rios; George, Ronnie; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Casson, Robert J.; Iwase, Aiko; Gupta, Nidhi; Abdianwall, Mohammad H; Wong, Tien Yin; Wang, Ke; Taylor, Hugh R.; Flaxman, Seth; Keel, Stuart; Resnikoff, Serge; Bron, Alain M.; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Fernandes, Arthur Gustavo; Friedman, David S.; Gazzard, Gus; Kahloun, Rim; Kempen, John H.; Khairallah, Moncef; Leasher, Janet; Leveziel, Nicolas; Limburg, Hans; Nowak, Michał S.; Pesudovs, Konrad; Pető, Tünde; Rossetti, Luca; Tahhan, Nina; Varma, Rohit; Alemayehu, Wondu; Arditi, Aries; Dana, Reza; Monte, Monte A. Del; Deva, Jenny P; Dreer, Laura E.; Ehrlich, Josh; Ellwein, Leon B.; Hammond, Billy R.; Hartnett, M. Elizabeth; Ingram, April; Khanna, Rohit C; Kim, Judy; Lim, Jennifer; Morse, Alan R.; Musch, David C.; Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia; Ramulu, Pradeep Y.; Robin, Alan L.; Serle, Janet B.; Shen, Tueng T.; Sitorus, Rita S; Stambolian, Dwight; Topouzis, Fotis; Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K.; Virgili, Gianni; West, Sheila K.; Ababora, Jafer K; AlSawahli, Heba; Andriamanjato, Hery Harimanitra; Barrenechea, Rosario; Batlle, Juan F.; Burnett, Anthea; Finger, Robert P.; Gallarreta, Marcelo; Gomez-Bastar, Pedro A; Gurung, Reeta; Jain, Elesh; Kabona, George; Kalua, Khumbo; Kandeke, Levi; Karimurio, J; Kikira, Susan A; Kulkarni, Sucheta; Lansingh, Van Charles; Mathenge, Wanjiku; Mishra, Sailesh Kumar; Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad; Mörchen, Manfred; Muhammad, Nasiru; Mutati, Grace C; Nano, Maria Eugenia; Németh, János; Paduca, Ala; Páez, Alexander; Rabiu, Mansur; Rif’ati, Lutfah; Salowi, Mohamad Aziz; Sapkota, Yuddha Dhoj; Sargent, Nicholas; Thoufeeq, Ubeydulla; Villalobos, Astrid V; Xiao, Biaxiang; Melgar, Mariano Yee; Zhang, Xiu Juan

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00433-8

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…40 These cost estimates provide an important benchmark and baseline data for cost-effectiveness analyses in Trinidad and Tobago. For example, to explore the potential value of widening access to low vision aids, workforce enablement programs, widening access to DR screening, 41 widening access to affordable spectacles for effective refractive error coverage, 42 or investment to improve effective cataract surgical coverage. 43 More generally, there is pressing need for international consensus on cost of VI study design and measurement tools, to facilitate comparison between countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: Findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

Braithwaite

Bailey²,

Bartholomew³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Understanding and mitigating the societal economic impact of vision impairment (VI) is important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Aim To estimate the prevalent societal economic impact of presenting VI in Trinidad and Tobago using bottom-up cost and utilisation data from the 2014 National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago. Methods We took a societal perspective to combine comprehensive, individual-level cost and utilisation data, with population-based prevalence estimates for VI, and additional data from a contemporaneous national eyecare system survey. We included direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect (productivity loss) costs, and intangible losses in total cost estimates, presented in 2014 Trinidad & Tobago(TT) dollars and UK sterling equivalent. We considered but excluded transfer payments and dead weight losses. Sensitivity analyses explored impact on total cost of parameter uncertainty and assumptions. Results Individual utilisation and cost data were available for 65.5%(n = 2792/4263) and 59.0%(n = 2516/4263) eligible participants aged ≥ 40 years, respectively. Participant mean age was 58.4(SD 11.8, range 40–103) years, 56.3% were female. We estimated total societal cost of VI in 2014 at UK£365,650,241 (TT$3,842,324,655), equivalent to £675 per capita (population ≥ 40 years). Loss of wellbeing accounted for 73.3%. Excluding this, the economic cost was UK£97,547,222 (TT$1,025,045,399), of which indirect costs accounted for 70.5%, followed by direct medical costs (17.9%), and direct non-medical costs (11.6%). Conclusion This study provides robust estimates of the economic impact of vision loss in a Caribbean country, and highlights the extent to which affected individuals and their families bear the societal economic cost of vision impairment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: Findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

Braithwaite

Bailey²,

Bartholomew³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other study limitations include the lack of a follow-up period; we do not know if students continued to wear their eyeglasses after the study ended, nor do we know the long-term impact of eyeglass provision on students’ activities of daily living, academic performance, or refractive status. While data on effective refractive error coverage are now being collected and reported for adults aged 50 years and older, with global coverage reported to be 20.5% (95% CI 17.8–24.4) and Latin American coverage reported to be 34.5% (95% CI 29.4–40.0) 50 , an effective coverage indicator is not reported for children 51 . However our finding that only approximately 16.3% of children wore eyeglasses at the time of examination aligns with the 2006 Oaxaca study, which reported 13% of students with refractive errors wearing eyeglasses as the time of examination 19 , as well as a more recent Latin American study from Chile, where 14% (144/1,017) of the students with refractive error in at least 1 eye wore eyeglasses at the time of examination 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large-scale analysis of refractive errors in students attending public primary schools in Mexico

Ramírez-Ortiz,

Amato-Almanza,

Romero-Bautista

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from September 2013 through July 2014 to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among students attending public primary schools in Mexico. Among 3,861,156 students at 14,566 public primary schools in all 32 states of Mexico, teachers identified reduced visual acuity in 1,253,589 (32.5%) using visual acuity measurement. Optometrists confirmed 391,498 [31.2%, mean (SD) age: 8.8 (1.9) years; 204,110 girls (52.9%)] had refractive errors using visual acuity measurement and noncycloplegic static retinoscopy. Among 288,537 (72.4%) of children with previous eyeglasses usage data reported, 241,505 (83.7%) had uncorrected refractive errors. Before prescription eyeglasses were provided, 281,891 students (72%) had logMAR visual acuity ≤ 0.2; eyeglasses corrected vision loss in 85.6% (n = 241,352) of them. Simple myopic astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error (25.7%, n = 100,545). Astigmatism > − 1.00 diopters was present in 54.6% of all students with ametropia. The anisometropia rate based on spherical equivalent difference between right and left eye ≥ 1.50 diopters was 3.9% (n = 15,402). Uncorrected refractive errors are an important issue in primary school students in Mexico. An updated study is needed to analyze the evolving trends over the past decade.

show abstract

“…This target, which entails a 40 percentage point increase in eREC, is designed to monitor both the effective coverage and quality of refractive error care (Q.REC). Recent estimates have reported that substantial improvements in the quantity and quality of refractive services will be required to meet the global target 6 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of refractive error care in Pakistan: an unannounced standardised patient study

Lee,

Javaid,

Riaz

et al. 2023

BMJ Open Ophth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveUndercorrected refractive errors are the primary cause of vision impairment worldwide, including in Pakistan. However, limited data exist on the quality of refractive error care. Our study assessed the quality of refractive error care in Punjab, Pakistan by estimating the proportion of spectacles that were optimally prescribed.Methods and analysisIn this cross-sectional study, 12 unannounced standardised patients (USPs) from Jhang, Khanewal and Sahiwal districts were recruited. USPs underwent baseline subjective refraction and were trained to attend optical services, observe consultations, request spectacles and obtain prescriptions. The spectacles received were compared with baseline refraction to determine quality. We also examined the associations between spectacle quality, service and patient characteristics.ResultsOut of 276 attempted visits to 69 optical services, 241 pairs of spectacles were dispensed. A population size-weighted percentage of 42.7% (95% CI 36.4% to 49.3%) of spectacles were optimal quality, with the range varying from 13.8% in Jhang to 67.0% in Khanewal. Half the suboptimal quality spectacles had horizontal prism deviations outside of tolerance limits. Optimal spectacles were associated with performing focimetry (unadjusted OR=7.15, 95% CI (3.02 to 16.94), p<0.001) and good communication (OR=2.23, 95% CI (1.06 to 4.67), p=0.03). Hyperopic USPs were less likely to receive optimal spectacles (OR=0.01 95% CI (0.00 to 0.11), p<0.001).ConclusionThe quality of refractive error care in Pakistan requires improvement, particularly in the Jhang district. Key areas for enhancing refractive error care in Pakistan include refining dispensing and refraction skills for hyperopic prescriptions, providing training on the risks of using previous spectacles, and emphasising the importance of effective communication skills.

show abstract

Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: Findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: Findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago

A large-scale analysis of refractive errors in students attending public primary schools in Mexico

Quality of refractive error care in Pakistan: an unannounced standardised patient study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About