Effective reduction of PAH contamination in smoke cured fish products using charcoal filters in a modified traditional kiln

Essumang, David Kofi; Dodoo, D.K.; Adjei, Joseph Kweku

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.045

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Charcoal used as filters in modified traditional smoking kilns is effective in removing PAHs from the smoke generated, thus potentially posing little or no health effects on consumers. Therefore, the adoption of this method may help reduce the levels of PAH-associated health effects like cancer and other cancer-related ailments which is reported to be on the increase in Ghana [40]. A typical system for traditional fish smoking in Nigeria is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale fisheries in the context of traditional post-harvest practice and the quest for food and nutritional security in Nigeria

Akintola

Fakoya

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Background: Existing scholarly works have paid little or no attention to the problems small-scale fisheries encounter within the context of food and nutritional security. Therefore, this work has examined the problem. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) are the dominant source of local fish production in Nigeria and, like many fisheries worldwide, receive inadequate attention for their significance within the context of food and nutritional security. A central theme to guaranteeing small-scale fisheries' contribution to sustainable food and nutritional security in Nigeria is addressing post-harvest losses (PHL). Considerable fish loss occurs between production and consumption. A narrative review was conducted to expose PHL practiced by SSF and discuss factors that prevent the adoption of locally available interventions.Finding: Our study revealed that sun-drying and smoking are the major interventions practiced to mitigate PHL. Unfortunately, these methods of reducing PHL are constrained by gross under-capacity and improper handling during peak fishing periods and issues related to product safety. There are a handful of potential intervention mechanisms to address issues of PHL. Many of these PHL-reducing interventions have been designed bearing in mind local contexts and situations. However, general inertia and poor policy implementation currently hamper progress for reducing PHL.

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Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale fisheries in the context of traditional post-harvest practice and the quest for food and nutritional security in Nigeria

Akintola

Fakoya

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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“…Of the numerous environmental pollutants, PAHs are among the most toxic and highly persistent [8], due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties [9][10][11], and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA 1993 [12]) has identified 16 [13][14][15]. The existence of these compounds in the environment can represent a serious risk due to their assimilation by living organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Costa

Garcia

Santos

et al. 2015

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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The mesoporous materials MCM-41 and the functionalized inorganic-organic material p-aminobenzoic acid-MCM-41 (PABA-MCM-41) were used as adsorbents to remove the PAHs benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene from aqueous media. Both MCM-41 and PABA-MCM-41 exhibited the hexagonal mesostructures typical of the M41S family, as confirmed by SAXS, with type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis. The materials showed uniform mesopore size distributions, high surface areas, and thermal stability. Adsorption tests showed that for both mesoporous materials, the quantity adsorbed (q e ) increased for higher initial PAH concentrations, and adsorption equilibrium was reached in around 90 min. The experimental kinetic data were fitted using the pseudosecond-order model, and the adsorption process could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. At higher temperatures, there were increases in the initial rates of adsorption and the kinetic constants for adsorption of the PAHs by PABA-MCM-41. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the process was spontaneous, endothermic, and with a tendency toward disorder of the system at the adsorbent/adsorbate interface. The functionalization of MCM-41 increased the efficiency of adsorption of the PAHs by 44.5 and 32.0 % for benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene, respectively. Graphical Abstract Effect of contact time on adsorption of (a) B[k]F and (b) B[b]F by PABA-MCM-41. Conditions: 0.05 g of PABA-MCM-41, 5 mL of each PAH solution (concentration 200 lg L -1 ), temperature of 25°C, contact time of 300 min, and agitation at 150 rpm. 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 26.5 PAH (a) Benzo[k]fluoranthene (b) Benzo[b]fluoranthene Time (min) q e (µg g -1 )

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“…observed that filtering wood smoke reduced PAH levels in products from a traditional kiln in Ghana to which an activated charcoal filter was affixed. Although the kiln described in that study is operationally different from the FTT, their finding lends support to the lessening effect of smoke filtering on PAH contamination. The use of a luffa sponge (a readily available renewable resource), as performed on the FTT, is more economically sustainable for processors and more in support of environmental sustainability than the activated charcoal option.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…EU ML were not violated, however, except in the case of A. indica smoke, where PAH4 levels were marginally higher than the ML (12.6 μg kg –1 kiln versus 12 μg kg –1 ML) (Table ). Essumang et al . observed that filtering wood smoke reduced PAH levels in products from a traditional kiln in Ghana to which an activated charcoal filter was affixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in smoked fish in the Global South: a case study of an improved kiln in Ghana

Bomfeh

Jacxsens

Amoa-Awua³

et al. 2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND:Smoked fish is a major source of animal protein in developing countries. It is largely produced by hot-smoking on traditional kilns using fuelwood. This practice is associated with high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in products, with consequences for public health. An improved kiln, comprising the FAO-Thiaroye Technique (FTT), has been introduced by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to address such a concern. The present study investigated the efficacy of the FTT in Ghana through comparative fish smoking experiments with traditional kilns followed by determination of PAH levels [benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and PAH4] in the products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For each kiln, the effect of smoking fuel type on PAH contamination was determined. The impact of the design characteristics of the FTT on the levels of the compounds was also determined. RESULTS: Mean BaP and PAH4 levels in the FTT products were up to 1.8 and 7.6 g kg -1 , respectively, whereas the corresponding levels in traditional kiln products were up to 70 and 395 g kg -1 . PAH levels in FTT products were below European Union regulatory limits, whereas levels in traditional kiln products exceed such limits by up to 33-fold. Across kiln types, the use of wood fuels caused higher PAH contamination compared to the use of fully-lit charcoal as an alternative fuel. CONCLUSION: The improved kiln (FTT) is efficacious in yielding smoked fish with a PAH content lower than the levels in traditional kiln products and also below current regulatory limits. Kiln design and type of processing fuel have significant impacts on PAH contamination during fish smoking. Fish samplingFrom the products of each experiment, ten fish were collected and homogenized using a Waring ® CB15V Heavy Duty Commercial J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99: 5417-5423

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Effective reduction of PAH contamination in smoke cured fish products using charcoal filters in a modified traditional kiln

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Small-scale fisheries in the context of traditional post-harvest practice and the quest for food and nutritional security in Nigeria

Small-scale fisheries in the context of traditional post-harvest practice and the quest for food and nutritional security in Nigeria

Applications of inorganic–organic mesoporous materials constructed by self-assembly processes for removal of benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[b]fluoranthene

Reducing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in smoked fish in the Global South: a case study of an improved kiln in Ghana

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