Effective Properties of Multi-layered Multi-functional Composites

Pyroelectric and pyromagnetic coefficients of functionally graded multilayered multiferroic composites

“…Once the gradation functions (dependences on z) for associated properties are known, the magnetoelectric coefficients can be predicted using Eqs. (18) and (19). Wang et al [21] have obtained the same formula as Eq.…”

“…Wang et al [21] have obtained the same formula as Eq. (18). Now, consider a special case in which all physical parameters in each layer follow the same single gradation function: f p (z) and f m (z) for the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic layers, respectively.…”

“…Bravo-Castillero et al [16] applied the asymptotic homogenization method to laminate METE composites by extending their earlier model for laminate piezoelectric composites [17]. Kim et al [18] and Kim [19] analyzed multilayered composites with various coupled physical effects using a matrix method that has been developed earlier for purely elastic multilayers [20]. Wang et al [21] analyzed the effects of property gradation in layers on the magnetoelectric coefficient of a multilayer composite.…”

“…Wang et al [21] analyzed the effects of property gradation in layers on the magnetoelectric coefficient of a multilayer composite. As compared to other micromechanical models [12,13,16,17], the method [18][19][20] based on the reassembled constitutive matrix is much simpler and straightforward and can provide the exact effective properties while still being able to handle a multilayer composite with an arbitrary number of generally anisotropic layers. For this reason, this method is highly suitable to be used not only for analyzing the effective properties but also for optimizing parameters in the design of METE multilayer composites.…”

“…In this paper, the general matrix method [18][19][20] is extended to the cases in which constituent layers in an METE composite are functionally graded. Functional gradation of material properties can occur during the manufacturing process and/or in-field application and may be artificially induced to obtain a certain desired behavior of the composite, for example, to reduce the effects of residual stresses that are produced due to mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the layers.…”