Effective Prevention of Charge Trapping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Nanosized Red Phosphorus Modification for Superior Photo(electro)catalysis

Abstract

The high occurrence of trapped unreactive charges due to chemical defects seriously affects the performance of g-C 3 N 4 in photocatalytic applications. This problem can be overcome by introducing ultrasmall red phosphorus (red P) crystals on g-C 3 N 4 sheets. The elemental red P atoms reduce the number of defects in the g-C 3 N 4 structure by forming new chemical bonds for much more effective charge separation. The product shows significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen production. To the best of our knowledge, the hydrogen evolution rate obtained on this hybrid should be the highest among all P-containing g-C 3 N 4 photocatalysts reported so far. The trapping and detrapping processes in this red P/g-C 3 N 4 system are thoroughly revealed by using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. P modification was thoroughly investigated by using timeresolved transient absorption (TA) experiments.The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Fabrication of ZnO/Red Phosphorus Heterostructure for Effective Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Water Splitting

“…XPS analysis was performed to investigate the chemical states of pure ZnO, ZRP-5 and RP, as shown in Figure 6 b. The P 2 p spectra of ZRP-5 and RP are shown in Figure 6 c. For the RP, the spectrum shows that its surface is mainly composed of P 0 atoms (129.8 eV) and a certain amount of P 5+ atoms (134.47 eV) [ 32 , 41 ]. For ZRP-5, there are two peaks of P 2 p located at 133.5 and 128.5 eV, which is consistent with P 5+ and P 0 , respectively.…”

“…For comparison, the photoactivity of the mechanical mixture of ZnO and RP was also investigated. Figure S2 displays the photocatalytic H 2 production of the mechanical mixture sample, which shows negligible H 2 evolution, even smaller that of pure ZnO, probably due to the shield effect [ 41 ]. The results highlight the important role the interface of the ZnO/RP heterostructure, which is crucial to the formation of electronic interaction and electron transfer.…”

One‐Step Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes‐Decorated Sn4P3 as a 3D Porous Intertwined Scaffold for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…As shown in Figure (c), P 2p spectrum depicts two main peaks at 134.3 eV and 140.0 eV, which may correspond to phosphorus in Sn 4 P 3 and phosphate respectively . At the same time, two small peaks at 130.1 and 130.9 eV can be attributed to the P 2p 3/2 and P 2p 1/2 for the residual red phosphorus . Furthermore, Figure (d) demonstrates the existence of carbon nanotubes.…”

“…3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 2p 3/2 and P 2p 1/2 for the residual red phosphorus. [34] Furthermore, Figure 2(d) demonstrates the existence of carbon nanotubes. Figure 3 describes the detailed morphology and structure of products, evaluated under the different magnification.…”

Constructing highly dispersed 0D Co3S4 quantum dots/2D g-C3N4 nanosheets nanocomposites for excellent photocatalytic performance

“…In recent years, the photocatalytic H 2 evolution has caused the researchers' focus. To get efficient solar energy conversion and excellent photocatalytic H 2 evolution, ideal photocatalytic materials are one of the key factors, which should have a proper band gap capable of absorbing visible light, can effectively promote separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, and have high stability [1,2]. In addition, the photocatalytic materials should be cheap, nontoxic and easy to process.…”