Effective photodynamic treatment of <i>Trichophyton</i> species with Rose Bengal

Houang, Jessica; Halliday, Catriona; Chen, Sharon Chia-Ju; Ho, Chun-Hoong; Bekmukhametova, Alina M.; Lauto, Antonio

doi:10.1002/jbio.202000340

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These photodynamic therapies are based on the specific absorption of the laser energy by fungal chromophores which are not present in the human tissues, therefore causing a photothermic and photochemical effect, destroying the fungal hyphae, depending in main parameters such as wavelength, pulse duration, frequency, irradiation area, and the number and timing of the treatments. This absorption thus causes photothermal and photochemical effects that destroy the hyphae of the fungus, without causing systemic effects [ 28 , 29 ]. Specifically, the violet 405 nm wavelength has been described as causing oxidative stress in fungal cells, targeting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH-oxidase) and cytochrome C oxidase, increasing its production of the highly volatile reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have antimicrobial effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined laser and ozone therapy for onychomycosis in an in vitro and ex vivo model

Fernández

Fernández²,

Villar

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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In order to develop a fast combined method for onychomycosis treatment using an in vitro and an ex vivo models, a combination of two dual-diode lasers at 405 nm and 639 nm wavelengths, in a continuous manner, together with different ozone concentrations (until 80 ppm), was used for performing the experiments on fungal strains growing on PDA agar medium or on pig’s hooves samples. In the in vitro model experiments, with 30 min combined treatment, all species are inhibited at 40 ppm ozone concentration, except S. brevicaulis, which didn’t show an inhibition in comparison with only ozone treatment. In the ex vivo model experiments, with the same duration and ozone concentration, A. chrysogenum and E. floccosum showed total inhibition; T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum showed a 75% growth inhibition; M. canis showed a delay in sporulation; and S. brevicaulis and A. terreus did not show growth inhibition. This combined laser and ozone treatment may be developed as a fast therapy for human onychomycosis, as a potential alternative to the use of antifungal drugs with potential side effects and long duration treatments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined laser and ozone therapy for onychomycosis in an in vitro and ex vivo model

Fernández

Fernández²,

Villar

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT in onychomycosis patients using different photosensitizers, such as aminolevulinate (ALA) [10], MAL [6], MB [11] and rose Bengal [12], curcumin [13], and compared its efficacy in monotherapy with available drugs [14]. PDT appears to be more effective than amorolfine for the treatment of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Oral Antifungals for the Treatment of Onychomycosis

et al. 2022

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Onychomycosis accounts for 50% of nail disorders, making it one of the most prevalent fungal diseases and a therapeutic challenge. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) could constitute a therapeutic alternative, owing to its good adherence, the low probability of resistance, the lack of interaction with antimicrobials, and its favorable adverse effect profile. This retrospective observational study included all patients with a microbiological diagnosis of onychomycosis treated with PDT at Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza (Spain), between January 2013 and June 2021. The protocol consisted of pre-treatment with 40% urea for 7 days, followed by 16% methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) for 3 h and subsequent irradiation with a red-light LED lamp (37 J/cm2), every 1 or 2 weeks. Combined treatment with oral and/or topical antifungals was recorded. Of the 20 patients included (mean age, 59 ± 17 years), 55% were men. The most frequently detected microorganism was Trichophyton rubrum (55%). The most commonly affected location was the feet (90%): 50% of these cases were associated with tinea pedis. The median (standard deviation) number of PDT sessions was 6 (2.8). PDT was combined with systemic terbinafine (250 mg/day) in 10 cases (in 8 cases, this was administered for only 1 month), and with topical terbinafine in 3 cases. A complete clinical response was achieved in 80% (16) of cases and microbiological cure in 60% (12). PDT is a therapeutic alternative for onychomycosis, and can be administered either in monotherapy or combined with antifungals, allowing for a reduction in the duration and possible adverse effects of antifungal treatment and achieving higher cure rates than those obtained with either treatment alone.

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“…This result confirms the potency of rose bengal as a photodynamic agent. In a previous study, 44,45 photoactivation of rose bengal by a green laser emitting at 532 nm generated a significant amount of ROS that eradicated pathogenic fungi at the same power (90 mW in continuous wave mode). Other studies have demonstrated the high quantum yield of singlet oxygen production by rose bengal, 46 which accounts for ~75% of the ROS generated.…”

Section: Photodynamic Therapy Of Breast Cancer Cells Using Rose Benga...mentioning

confidence: 92%

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles using the coffee‐ring effect for photodynamic therapy

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Biocompatible nanoparticles have been increasingly used in a variety of medical applications, including photodynamic therapy. Although the impact of synthesis parameters and purification methods is reported in previous studies, it is still challenging to produce a reliable protocol for the fabrication, purification, and characterization of nanoparticles in the 200-300 nm range that are highly monodisperse for biomedical applications. Study Design/Materials and Methods: We investigated the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles in the 200-300 nm range by evaluating the chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) mass ratio and acetic acid concentration of the chitosan solution. Chitosan nanoparticles were also crosslinked to rose bengal and incubated with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) to test photodynamic activity using a green laser (λ = 532 nm, power = 90 mW). Results: We established a simple protocol to fabricate and purify biocompatible nanoparticles with the most frequent size occurring between 200 and 300 nm. This was achieved using a chitosan to TPP mass ratio of 5:1 in 1% v/v acetic acid at a pH of 5.5. The protocol involved the formation of nanoparticle coffee rings that showed the particle shape to be spherical in the first approximation. Photodynamic treatment with rose bengal-nanoparticles killed ~98% of cancer cells. Conclusion: A simple protocol was established to prepare and purify spherical and biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles with a peak size of ~200 nm. These have remarkable antitumor activity when coupled with photodynamic treatment.

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Effective photodynamic treatment of Trichophyton species with Rose Bengal

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Combined laser and ozone therapy for onychomycosis in an in vitro and ex vivo model

Combined laser and ozone therapy for onychomycosis in an in vitro and ex vivo model

Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Oral Antifungals for the Treatment of Onychomycosis

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles using the coffee‐ring effect for photodynamic therapy

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