Effective partnerships between universities and indigenous communities: A case study in tuatara conservation in Aotearoa

Cross‐cultural environmental research and management: Challenges and progress

“…A number of factors seem to be common to successful research partnerships. Most fundamental is establishing a robust relationship between researchers and indigenous community-one that is based on personal face-to-face interactions, honest communication, respecting areas that should not be researched, and keeping faith, with a commitment to long-term interaction (Allen et al 2009;Berkes 2009;Lowe et al 2009;Ramstad et al 2009). Each situation will be different, but Lowe et al suggest that three basic matters must be addressed in all research relationships-consultation, collaboration and dissemination.…”

“…Each situation will be different, but Lowe et al suggest that three basic matters must be addressed in all research relationships-consultation, collaboration and dissemination. Formal protocols may be helpful (Crawford 2009;Moller et al 2009), but perhaps more important is ensuring that the indigenous community has a role in the research process that is consistent with their desires, which might range from providing guidance and feedback; determining research needs and agendas; putting forward hypotheses; setting boundaries on research methodologies; carrying out the research; critiquing findings; disseminating results; and acting on the research outcomes (Allen et al 2009;Berkes 2009;Crawford 2009;Dickison 2009;Lowe et al 2009;Maclean & Cullen 2009;Ramstad et al 2009). Just as scientists are required to adhere to ethical guidelines and obtain permits from their scientific institution's culture to do their work, indigenous communities should be consulted to provide their own culture's ethical safeguards if the research process is to be embraced and trusted as wholesome.…”

Shearing Mechanics and the Influence of a Flexible Symphysis During Oral Food Processing in Sphenodon (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

“…The enlarged palatine tooth row is present in all Rhynchocephalia and represents a diagnostic character for the clade (Evans,2003; Jones,2008). The elongate articulation surface of the articular is found in the most plesiomorphic members of the clade such as Diphydontosaurus and Gephyrosaurus from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of England and Wales respectively (Evans,1980; Fraser,1982; Whiteside,1986; Jones,2008), as well as in herbivorous eilenodontines from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of North America (Throckmorton et al,1981; Rasmussen and Callison,1981; Reynoso,1996; Foster,2003; Apesteguía and Novas,2003). However, some derived taxa such as Clevosaurus hudsoni (Triassic, UK, Fraser,1988) and possibly the pleurosaur Palaeopleurosaurus (Late Jurassic, Europe, Carroll,1985) have a short articulation surface on the articular indicative of a different feeding mode.…”

“…Clade names: A = Lepidosauria; B = Rhynchocephalia; C = derived rhynchocephalians; D = Sphenodontinae. Information taken from Evans (1980,1990); Rasmussen and Callison (1981); Throckmorton et al (1981); Fraser (1982,1988); Carroll (1985); Carroll and Wild (1994); Reynoso (1993,1996,2005); Evans et al (2001,2002); Apesteguía and Novas (2003); Jones (2008); Evans and Borsuk‐Bialynicka, 2009; Jones et al (2009a,b). Please note that Tikiguania is no longer considered to represent a Late Triassic squamate (Hutchinson et al, in press), thus making material from the Early Jurassic of India potentially the oldest record for this clade (Evans et al,2002).…”

Imaginary subjects: school science, indigenous students, and knowledge–power relations

“…Thus we incorporate Maori tribal, traditional and historical knowledge of the natural world into this analysis but note that the contemporary Maori science is increasingly enacted as a hybridised domain where customary knowledge and new forms of emerging knowledge in which credentialed scientists (both Maori and non-Maori) are working with Maori tribal communities to combine and create knowledge. To this end there is evidence of a critical engagement between western and Maori knowledge traditions (Middleton and McKinley 2010, 240) that can be seen in crosscultural scientific research partnerships on matters such as climate change (King, Skipper, and Tawhai 2008), conservation (Ramstad et al 2009), and wildlife sustainability (Moller et al 2009). However, these recent initiatives and collaborations in the field of knowledge production have not yet had an impact either in the ORF or the PRF.…”