“…A vast body of literature exists on upscaling issues for various soil water processes including steady-state flow (Yeh and Harvey, 1990;Zhu and Mohanty, 2002;Warrick, 2005;Neuweiler and Eichel, 2006). There are different approaches with regard to scaling of soil hydraulic properties and soil water processes in heterogeneous porous media such as averaging methods (Kitanidis, 1990;Zhu et al, 2004;Zhu and Mohanty, 2006), inverse solutions (van Dam et al, 1994;Hopmans and Simunek, 1999;Zhang et al, 2004;Javaux and Vanclooster, 2006;Vrugt et al, 2008;Erdal et al, 2012), percolation theory (Hunt, 1998;Samouelian et al, 2007;Hunt and Idriss, 2009), homogenization theory (Neuweiler and Cirpka, 2005;Neuweiler and Eichel, 2006;Neuweiler and Vogel, 2007), hybrid mixture theory , 1980, similar media scaling theory (Miller and Miller, 1956;Warrick and Amoozegar-Fard, 1979;Kosugi and Hopmans, 1998;Sadeghi and Jones, 2012;Ojha et al, 2014), dissimilar media scaling methods (Sadeghi et al, 2012b,c), stochastic methods (Yeh et al, 1985;Zhang and Lu, 2002), and renormalization methods (King, 1989;Saucier, 1992;King and Neuweiler, 2002). Many of these methods and their strengths and limitations have been previously reviewed and discussed (e.g., Wen and Gomez-Hernandez, 1996;Pachepsky et al, 2003;Cushman et al, 2002;Chen, 2006;…”