Effective isolation of GALT cells: Insights into the intestine immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different bacterin vaccine preparations

Attaya, Ahmed; Secombes, Christopher J.; Wang, Tiehui

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.051

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, it is becoming clearer that the intestine and GALT plays a very important and immediate role in immune responses as a consequence of dietary manipulations. Currently there is a limited amount of literature on the isolation of leucocytes from the gut in salmonids ( 20 , 28 , 43 ). GALT leucocytes from the whole gut have been tested against several different PAMPs ( 20 ), in this study our aim was to use just the distal intestine due to its theoretical importance as an immunological organ and is the basis of many feeding trial experiments on the gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2022

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The use of functional feeds for farmed fish is now regarded as a key factor in improving fish health and performance against infectious disease. However, the mechanisms by which these nutritional components modulate the immune response are not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to identify the suitability of both primary gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) leucocyte cells and established rainbow trout cell lines as potential alternative methods to test functional feed ingredients prior to full fish feeding trials that can take months to complete. In addition to the primary GALT culture cells, the two rainbow cell lines RTS11 and RTgutGC which are from macrophage and gut epithelial cells, respectively. The cells were stimulated with a variety of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (PHA and Poly I:C) and recombinant rainbow trout IL-1β (rIL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, additionally two forms of β-glucan, a prebiotic commonly used aquafeeds were used as stimulants. From this, the suitability of cell models as a health screen for functional feeds was assessed. GALT leucocytes were deemed most effective to act as a health screen over the 4hr time point demonstrating responses to Poly I:C, PHA, and rIL-1β. RTS11 and RTgutGC also responded to the stimulants but did not give a strong T-cell response, most likely reflecting the nature of the cell type as opposed to the mixed cell populations from the primary GALT cell cultures. When stimulated with both forms of β-glucan, GALT leucocytes demonstrated a strong proinflammatory and T-cell response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2022

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“…This reflects that vaccination recruited more lymphocytes into the lamina propria of fish, causing the GALT regions density to be higher [ 13 ]. Upon intake of vaccinated feed, the antigens translocate into the lamina propria [ 29 ], which incites of lymphocytes or other immune cells such as macrophages, plasma cells, and lymphocytes that eventually leads to formation of GALT regions [ 13 , 30 , 31 ]. In general for the teleost MALT, both B and T lymphocytes responses after an infection or vaccination, which gives rise to mucosal specific adaptive immunity in fish [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Intestinal Immunity of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) following Field Vaccination Using a Feed-Based Oral Vaccine

et al. 2023

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This study describes the levels of gut lysozyme and IgM, the number, size and density of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) regions, and the lymphocyte population in Asian seabass following field oral administration of a feed-based vaccine. Fish in a grow-out farm were selected and divided into two groups; Group 1 was vaccinated at week 0, 2, and 6, while Group 2 was not vaccinated. Samplings were done at 2-week intervals when the fish were observed for clinical signs, and gross lesions were recorded. The intestinal tissue and gut lavage fluid were collected. GALT regions (numbers, size, density and population of lymphocytes) were analyzed. Clinical signs such as abnormal swimming pattern and death, and gross lesions including scale loss, ocular opacity, and skin ulceration were observed in both groups. At the end of the study, the incidence rate between both groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The gut IgM level and lysozyme activity, lymphocyte population, number, size and density of GALT regions of Group 1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Group 2. Therefore, this study concludes that the feed-based vaccine reduces the incidence of vibriosis by stimulating the gut immunity of the vaccinated fish with an enhanced GALT region, specific IgM production against Vibrio harveyi, and lysozyme responses.

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“…Goblet cells are a typical morphological marker to identify active mucosal immune responses, for example in brown trout (Salmo trutta) during parasitic infections, the secreted mucus contains acidic glycoconjugates that increase mucus viscosity for intestinal protection (31). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) are lymphocytes that reside in the epithelial and lamina propria layers respectively, and recognize antigens to induce an adaptive immune response to maintain gut homeostasis and kill the pathogen (32).…”

Section: Overview Of Mucosal and Intestinal Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance

Hissen,

He,

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.

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Effective isolation of GALT cells: Insights into the intestine immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different bacterin vaccine preparations

Abstract: Please cite this article as: Attaya A, Secombes CJ, Wang T, Effective isolation of GALT cells: Insights into the intestine immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different bacterin vaccine preparations, Fish and Shellfish Immunology (2020), doi:

Cited by 15 publications

References 71 publications

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) primary cells and stable cell lines as predictive models for intestinal health in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Evaluating the Intestinal Immunity of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) following Field Vaccination Using a Feed-Based Oral Vaccine

Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance

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