Effective holographic recordings in the photopolymer nanocomposites with functionalized silica nanoparticle and polyurethane matrix

Optimization of a photopolymerizable material based on a photocyclic initiating system using holographic recording

“…3(d) clearly evidences the fast growth of the hologram, with a diffraction rate R η reaching up to 0.23 s −1 , followed by a negative rate of −0.03 s −1 . Four different hypotheses can be considered to explain the decrease of the material response: (1) subsequent decrease of the refractive index modulation after photopatterning has been recently observed and ascribed to the diffusion of some monomer type from exposed regions to unexposed regions due to chemical incompatibilities (solubilities) of the monomer with the formed polymer matrix; 65 (2) lowering of η related to the effects of an overmodulation of the refractive index inside the hologram; (3) the fast polymerization with EMP/EDB/I250 PCIS leading to non sinusoidal refractive index modulation; (4) the refractive index modulation partially erased in the last part of the grating building up due to polymerization in the dark fringes because of the very efficient PCIS.…”

Effects of ZnO quantum dots on the photostability of acrylate photopolymers used as recording materials

“…However, in order to develop photosensitive materials with advanced performance (higher ∆n), the research was oriented towards phototopolymers doped with dispersed nanoparticles during the last decades. Scientists displayed lots of imagination in investigating this approach; thus TiO 2 [3][4][5][6], SiO 2 [6][7][8][9][10], ZrO 2 [6,[11][12][13], ZrO 2 :Eu 3+ [14], LaPO 4 :Ce 3+ , Tb 3+ [15], LaPO 4 :Tb 3+ nanorods [16], silver [17,18] and gold nanoparticles [19], CdSe [20], CdSe/ZnS [21,22] and ZnO quantum dots (QDs) [23] were used more or less successfully. During the course of the recording process, nanoparticles were forced to diffuse away from the constructive to the destructive interference regions of the interference pattern [7,11,[15][16][17][18][19]21,24].…”

Acrylate photopolymer doped with ZnO nanoparticles: an interesting candidate for photo-patterning applications

“…This supplementary enhancement was due to a preferential localization of NPs in the acrylate-low rich regions. 16 It was reported that the diffusion of nanoparticles such as gold, 17,18 CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, 19,20 and Tb 3+ doped LaPO 4 nanorods 21 towards the zones of destructive interference did not only contribute to the enhancement of the physical properties of the gratings recorded in the acrylate based photopolymer. It was shown that the presence of Au nanoparticles (1% loading) in the photopolymerizable media entailed a change in the kinetics of polymerization.…”

“…In the course of the recording process, the multi-functional monomers polymerize faster, while mono-functional monomers diffuse away from the high intensity regions. However, it was reported in the literature 16 that upon addition of a polymer binder in the monomer mixture, like low viscosity polyurethane, polymerization of the multi-functional monomers was followed by the diffusion and polymerization of the mono-functional monomers in the constructive interference regions. Thus, all the monomer molecules, whatever their functionality, were concentrated in the high intensity zones.…”