Effective Hamiltonian for the radiation in a cavity with a moving mirror and a time-varying dielectric medium

Law, C. K.

doi:10.1103/physreva.49.433

Cited by 314 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Note that we have assumed that the scattering matrix is diagonal in partial waves. 7 In general, one should sum over all β such that S βα = 0 with the rest of the derivation closely following the remainder of this section. The incoming wave E in is normalized to ensure that the corresponding energy flux is −ω.…”

Section: A Static Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(112) is defined with both points outside the object. 7 We choose an appropriate coordinate system where Maxwell equations are separable and take ξ 1 to be constant on the object's surface.…”

Section: A Static Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The creation of photons by moving mirrors in one dimension was first discussed by Moore [1]. Accelerated neutral boundaries radiate energy and thus experience a backreaction force, or quantum friction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Recent experiments mimicking such dynamical Casimir effects rely on quantum interference devices for rapidly changing boundary conditions of a cavity [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion

2014

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We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium, under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with its environment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipating its mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internal heat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy and angular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. We also compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiated photons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropy generation is quantified and the total entropy is shown to be always increasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing the stochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating backreaction frictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty of the object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in some detail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallel to its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced to simplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities and then a detailed discussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented.

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Section: A Static Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Static Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion

2014

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“…Many theoretical works have in fact predicted the generation of photons in an optical cavity when its properties, e.g. the length or the dielectric permittivity of the cavity spacer material, are modulated in a rapid, non-adiabatic way 26,27,28 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantum vacuum properties of the intersubband cavity polariton field

Ciuti

Bastard²,

Carusotto³

2005

Phys. Rev. B

628

875

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We present a quantum description of a planar microcavity photon mode strongly coupled to a semiconductor intersubband transition in presence of a two-dimensional electron gas. We show that, in this kind of system, the vacuum Rabi frequency ΩR can be a significant fraction of the intersubband transition frequency ω12. This regime of ultra-strong light-matter coupling is enhanced for long wavelength transitions, because for a given doping density, effective mass and number of quantum wells, the ratio ΩR/ω12 increases as the square root of the intersubband emission wavelength. We characterize the quantum properties of the ground state (a two-mode squeezed vacuum), which can be tuned in-situ by changing the value of ΩR, e.g., through an electrostatic gate. We finally point out how the tunability of the polariton quantum vacuum can be exploited to generate correlated photon pairs out of the vacuum via quantum electrodynamics phenomena reminiscent of the dynamical Casimir effect.In the last decade, the study of intersubband electronic transitions 1 in semiconductor quantum wells has enjoyed a considerable success, leading to remarkable opto-electronic devices such as the quantum cascade lasers 2,3,4 . In contrast to the more conventional interband transitions between conduction and valence bands, the frequency of intersubband transitions is not determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor material system used, but rather can be chosen via the thickness of the quantum wells in the active region, providing tunable sources emitting in the mid and far infrared.One of the most fascinating aspects of light-matter interaction is the so-called strong light-matter coupling regime, which is achieved when a cavity mode is resonant with an electronic transition of frequency ω 12 , and the so-called vacuum Rabi frequency Ω R exceeds the cavity mode and electronic transition linewidths. The strong coupling regime has been first observed in the late '80s using atoms in metallic cavities 5,6 , and a few years later in solid-state systems using excitonic transitions in quantum wells embedded in semiconductor microcavities 7 . In this regime, the normal modes of the system consist of linear superpositions of electronic and photonic excitations, which, in the case of semiconductor materials, are the so-called polaritons. In both these systems, the vacuum Rabi frequency Ω R does not exceed a very small fraction of the transition frequency ω 12 .Recently, Dini et al. 8 have reported the first demonstration of strong coupling regime between a cavity photon mode and a mid-infrared intersubband transition, in agreement with earlier semiclassical theoretical predictions by Liu 9 . The dielectric Fabry-Perot structure realized by Dini et al. 8 consists of a modulation doped multiple quantum well structure embedded in a microcavity, whose mirrors work thanks to the principle of total internal reflection. The strong coupling regime has been also observed in quantum well infra-red detectors 10 . As we will show in detail, an important advant...

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“…We will be interested in the regime where the period of the mirror's motion is much longer than the roundtrip time of the photon inside the cavity, and where the amplitude of the mirror's motion is very small compared to the cavity length. Under these conditions, the system can be described by the standard optomechanical Hamiltonian [38,39] …”

Section: Non-gaussian State Via Interaction With Single Photons and Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonclassical States of Light and Mechanics

Hammerer

Genes

Vitali

et al. 2014

Cavity Optomechanics

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This chapter reports on theoretical protocols for generating nonclassical states of light and mechanics. Nonclassical states are understood as squeezed states, entangled states or states with negative Wigner function, and the nonclassicality can refer either to light, to mechanics, or to both, light and mechanics. In all protocols nonclassicallity arises from a strong optomechanical coupling. Some protocols rely in addition on homodyne detection or photon counting of light.

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Effective Hamiltonian for the radiation in a cavity with a moving mirror and a time-varying dielectric medium

Cited by 314 publications

References 18 publications

Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion

Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion

Quantum vacuum properties of the intersubband cavity polariton field

Nonclassical States of Light and Mechanics

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