Effective green equivalent—A measure of public green spaces for cities

Abstract

a b s t r a c tQuantifying the public green space required by urban residents is a fundamental aspect of sustainable urban planning and management. This paper proposes a metric of effective green equivalent (EGE), which is defined as the area of green space multiplied by corrected coefficients of quality and accessibility. Based on the EGE values of individual residents, two city-level indicators are developed: (1) average EGE, which refers to the average level of EGE values of all urban residents within the urban boundary; and (2) an inequality coefficient, which measures the inequality of EGE distribution across the urban area. Three indicators (EGE, average EGE, and the inequality coefficient) were used to measure the real green spaces of the urban residents of Beijing, China. The results showed that the EGE values for individual residents in Beijing follow a normal distribution. The average EGE value is 355.49 ha per resident and the inequality coefficient value is calculated to be 0.24, indicating that the current public green spaces of Beijing can basically meet residents' requirements. These indicators can thus be applied to urban public green space planning practice.

Evaluating and Optimizing Urban Green Spaces for Compact Urban Areas: Cukurova District in Adana, Turkey

“…Parks also permit citizens to enjoy open spaces for leisure activities that promote emotional stability and improve quality of life [2][3][4][5]. Among several developing world …”

“…Parks also permit citizens to enjoy open spaces for leisure activities that promote emotional stability and improve quality of life [2][3][4][5]. Among several developing world cities, unplanned and informal settlements have resulted in increased social and spatial inequality, resource consumption and environmental degradation [1].…”

On the Use of Hedonic Price Indices to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision from Urban Green Space in Five Latin American Megacities

“…However, the unexplained variability in the multiple regression model for the analysis across cities (38.5%) was also significant and could be related to a variety of factors which were not taken into account in this study. Some social variables such as economic status perceptions [26], income dynamics [70], school quality [71] and/or cultural-spiritual values like sense of place, social cohesion [24,72] may provide further insights into the underlying factors that impact real estate prices.…”

Integrated ecological indicators for sustainable urban ecosystem evaluation and management

“…Zhang and Chen (2014) present a detailed bottom-up estimation and comparison analysis of China's CH 4 and CO 2 emissions, figuring out that China's CH 4 emissions are of comparable importance to the CO 2 emissions at the national and regional levels, and there are remarkable regional disparities on the potential reduction capability of greenhouse gas emissions among the eastern, central and western regions. Yao et al (2014) propose a metric of effective green equivalent (EGE), which is defined as the area of green space multiplied by corrected coefficients of quality and accessibility. Two city-level indicators are also developed for Beijing, confirming that the EGE values of local individual residents follow a normal distribution.…”