Effective estimation of the state-of-charge of latent heat thermal energy storage for heating and cooling systems using non-linear state observers

Bastida, Héctor; Cruz-Loredo, Iván De la; Ugalde‐Loo, Carlos E.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120448

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…7, b). It is the most ideal condition for the heat storage system since the determination of the charge level can be set precisely [30]. This makes the positive influence from the binding material for OCT, which comes from LDPE.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Results Of Performance Characteristics Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the operational curve for heat storage technology using n-octacosane/low-density as a binding material

Rahman,

Sulistyo,

Utomo

et al. 2024

EEJET

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Heat storage technology has a critical role for a number of applications involving renewable thermal energy (such as solar water heater). The application of wax (n-octacosane/OCT) as a medium for storing heat brings many positive influences for the system. However, the operational curve is undesirable for the OCT-based energy storage, which makes it necessary to use a binding material. The present work employed LD-class polymer (LDPE) and linear-LDPE as binding materials for OCT. The mixture is prepared through mechanical hot stirring, which comes into two categories: SOCT1 (OCT/LD) and SOCT2 (OCT/LLD). The assessment through the calorimetry method shows an increment in transition temperature for SOCT with a value of 2.1 °C and 5.5 °C. This contributes to the variation of fusion energy for solid-liquid change for both materials, which amounted to 132.05 J/g (SOCT1) and 113.4 J/g (SOCT2). Another assessment related to its chemical and structural phase demonstrates that SOCT has an identical structure to OCT, indicating that SOCT is mixed physically. At the operational level, SOCT is more optimal than OCT according to the indicator related to charge and discharge duration for energy exchange. SOCT1 demonstrates a short plateau line as the indication of a steady transition between 65.4–67.9 °C, while SOCT2 indicates the average heating rate, which is higher than for single OCT. The heat releasing curve for SOCT1 varies at a lower value between 1.92 °C/min and 0.77 °C/min, while SOCT2 has the lowest variation, which is only 0.17 °C/min. Moreover, the self-insulation for SOCT2 has the lowest rate, which is only 0.3 °C/min. The evaluation and analysis from this work show that SOCT is reliable to increase the operational curve of OCT and can be implemented for thermal systems

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Section: Discussion Of the Results Of Performance Characteristics Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the operational curve for heat storage technology using n-octacosane/low-density as a binding material

Rahman,

Sulistyo,

Utomo

et al. 2024

EEJET

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“…The connection between the two software platforms was achieved through the utilisation of an open platform communications (OPC) protocol, which is available in both MATLAB and Apros (OPC foundation, 2024). Such a cosimulation architecture has been successfully adopted in the literature (Morales Sandoval et al, 2021;de la Cruz Loredo et al, 2022a, 2022bBastida et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic verification of an optimisation algorithm for power dispatch of integrated energy systems

Morales Sandoval,

De La Cruz-Loredo,

Saikia

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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The urgent need to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 has led to a growing focus on innovative approaches to producing, storing, and consuming energy. Integrated energy systems (IES) have emerged as a promising solution, capitalising on synergies between energy networks and enhancing efficiency. Such a holistic approach enables the integration of renewable energy sources and flexibility provision from one energy network to another, reducing emissions while facilitating strategies for operational optimisation of energy systems. However, emphasis has been mostly made on steady-state methodologies, with a dynamic verification of the optimal solutions not given sufficient attention. To contribute towards bridging this research gap, a methodology to verify the outcomes of an optimisation algorithm is presented in this paper. The methodology has been applied to assess the operation of a civic building in the UK dedicated to health services. This has been done making use of real energy demand data. Optimisation is aimed at improving power dispatch of the energy system by minimising operational costs and carbon emissions. To quantify potential discrepancies in power flows and operational costs obtained from the optimisation, a dynamic model of the IES that better captures real-world system operation is employed. By incorporating slow transients of thermal systems, control loops, and non-linearity of components in the dynamic model, often overlooked in traditional optimisation modules, the methodology provides a more accurate assessment of energy consumption and operational costs. The effectiveness of the methodology is assessed through model-in-the-loop co-simulations between MATLAB/Simulink and Apros alongside a series of scenarios. Results indicate significant discrepancies in power flows and operational costs between the optimisation and the dynamic model. These findings illustrate potential limitations of conventional operational optimisation modules in addressing real-world complexities, emphasising the significance of dynamic verification methods for informed energy management and decision-planning.

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“…Thus, it requires complex mathematical analysis to estimate melting enthalpy and specific heat capacity. It makes the actual thermal capacity relatively hard to predict as a dynamic value, leading to complexity in determining the SoC percentage [14] .…”

Section: Hardware In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid energy-temperature method (HETM): A low-cost apparatus and reliable method for estimating the thermal capacity of solid–liquid phase change material for heat storage system

Firman,

Rahmalina,

Ismail

et al. 2023

HardwareX

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Effective estimation of the state-of-charge of latent heat thermal energy storage for heating and cooling systems using non-linear state observers

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of the operational curve for heat storage technology using n-octacosane/low-density as a binding material

Evaluation of the operational curve for heat storage technology using n-octacosane/low-density as a binding material

Dynamic verification of an optimisation algorithm for power dispatch of integrated energy systems

Hybrid energy-temperature method (HETM): A low-cost apparatus and reliable method for estimating the thermal capacity of solid–liquid phase change material for heat storage system

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