Effective Dose Calculation Program (EDCP) for the usage of NORM-added consumer product

Yoo, Do Hyeon; Lee, Jaekook; Min, Chul Hee

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.03.023

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite NORM-added consumer products being readily available in the market, little is known about their effects in terms of dose exposure and any potential hazard to health, and they are fully unmonitored. In the only other related study that we have been able to find in the literature, it was reported that an inhalation risk can exist in the case of misuse of NORM-added toiletry products, available in the Japanese and Korean markets [5,[8][9][10]. Given that, over time, risks have been identified, NORM has become increasingly subject to monitoring and regulation [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactivity of Negative Ion Clothing and Attendant Risk

et al. 2021

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The study investigates commercially available negative ion clothing, and evaluations are made using gamma-ray spectroscopy and Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. Observed to contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), evaluations are made of the radiological risk arising from the use of these as items of everyday wear, undergarments in particular. Organ doses from these were simulated using the MIRD5 mathematical female phantom, with the incorporation of dose conversion factors (DCFs). At 175 ± 26, 1732 ± 247, and 207 ± 38 Bq, for 238U, 232Th, and 40K respectively, item code S05 was found to possess the greatest activity, while item code S07 was shown to have the least activity, at 2 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 2 Bq, and again for 238U and 232Th, respectively. Sample code S11 recorded least activity, at 29 ± 5 Bq, for 40K. Among the clothing items, sample item code S05 offered the greatest concentrations of Th, U and Zr, with percentage means of 1.23 ± 0.1, 0.045 ± 0.001, and 1.29 ± 0.1, respectively, giving rise to an annual effective dose of 1.57 mSv/y assuming a nominal wearing period of 24 h per day. Accordingly, the annual public dose limit of 1 mSv can be exceeded by their use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactivity of Negative Ion Clothing and Attendant Risk

et al. 2021

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“…As previously shown, such products contain thorium and uranium, concentrated in activity [4]. Given that over time risks have been identified, NORM has become increasingly subject to monitoring and regulation [5]; the IAEA safety guide "Radiation Safety for Consumer Products" [6] recommending the use of such items to first be justified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The naturally occurring radioactivity of ‘scalar energy’ pendants and concomitant radiation risk

et al. 2021

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Forming part of a study of radiological risk arising from use of radioactive consumer products, investigation is made of pendants containing naturally occurring radioactive material. Based on use of gamma-ray spectrometry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, the study investigates commercially available ‘scalar energy pendants’. The doses from these have been simulated using MIRD5 mathematical phantoms, evaluation being made of dose conversion factors (DCFs) and organ dose. Metallic pendants code MP15 were found to contain the greatest activity, at 7043 ± 471 Bq from 232Th, while glass pendants code GP11 were presented the greatest 238U and 40K activity, at 1001 ± 172 and 687 ± 130 Bq respectively. MP15 pendants offered the greatest percentage concentrations of Th, Ce, U and Zr, with means of 25.6 ± 0.06, 5.6 ± 0.005, 1.03 ± 0.04 and 28.5 ± 0.08 respectively, giving rise to an effective dose of 2.8 mSv for a nominal wearing period of 2000 h. Accordingly, these products can give rise to annual doses in excess of the public limit of 1 mSv.

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Analysis of radioactivity of negative-ion powder and determination of 232Th

et al. 2023

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Effective Dose Calculation Program (EDCP) for the usage of NORM-added consumer product

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactivity of Negative Ion Clothing and Attendant Risk

The Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactivity of Negative Ion Clothing and Attendant Risk

The naturally occurring radioactivity of ‘scalar energy’ pendants and concomitant radiation risk

Analysis of radioactivity of negative-ion powder and determination of 232Th

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