The objective of this article is to provide a description of moisture transport in building materials by application of a non-linear diffusion model, in which the effective coefficient of diffusion D eff , being a function of moisture content, is implemented. This article proposes the method of determination of this coefficient through correlation of the theoretical desorption isotherms with the experimental ones. To this aim, a number of desorption isotherms at temperature T = 20 • C for several narrow ranges, being adjacent to each other, and for broad ranges of the air relative humidity ϕ were established experimentally for cement mortar samples with water/cement ratio w/c = 0.50. The new knowledge contained in this article concerns some long-lasting measurements carried out in desiccators, for both narrow and broad ranges of the air humidity changes, and evaluation of the diffusion coefficient by applying an advanced optimization algorithm. The final conclusion is that the non-linear diffusion theory well reflects the moisture transport in hygroscopic porous materials like cement mortar.Keywords Building materials · Moisture transport · Non-linear diffusion · Modeling · Model validation Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (A Area of the disc face (m 2 ) C Moisture concentration in air (kg/m 3 ) C s Moisture concentration adsorbed by pore walls (kg/m 3 ) D Coefficient of diffusion in gas phase (m 2 /s) D s Coefficient of diffusion in adsorbed phase (m 2 /s) D eff Effective coefficient of diffusion (m 2 /s) d Diameter of the sample (m) k Coefficient of convective exchange of vapor (m/s) l Half height of the sample (m) m w Mass of water in the sample (g) m Actual total mass of the sample (g) m ∞ Mass of the sample at the end of desorption (g) R Capillary radius (m) t Time (s) x Spatial coordinate (m) X Two-dimensional vector (-)Greek symbols α Reflection coefficient (-) β Expansion coefficient (-) δ Thickness of absorption layer (m) ϕ Air relative humidity (%)