It is my pleasure to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my supervisor, Associate Professor Chan Pak Kwong. It was he who chose this promising topic for my research work. His never-ending flow of ideas, great acknowledgments in IC design field and infectious enthusiasm led me through a very rewarding path. His concern and insight have helped me grow far beyond the boundaries of academic research. In particular, I want to thank Prof. Chan for the much-needed encouragement in the past one year, and for his admirable integrity. Special thanks are also extended to my friends Fan Xian Ping, Ng Kian Ann and Lee Wing Foon for unconditionally offering their friendship. If it is not for their unselfish help and assistance, my progress in research would not have been so smooth. Their companionships make me have a wonderful and enjoyable research life. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my husband Hongliang, my daughter Junlu and all my family members for their consistent love and support and always putting their highest priority on my education.