“…Introducing the difference sequence y = u,u 2 , so that y, E (-2,0,2} , it can be rewritten as: (7) The minimum Euclidean distance D, is attained in correspondence with a suitable minimising sequence consisting of a finite number of non zero terms which add to zero. Assuming that yo and yk are respectively the first and the last non zero terms of such sequence, the minimum Euclidean distance d, normalised to the bit energy V i T/2, becomes:…”