Effective atomic numbers for CoCuNi alloys using transmission experiments

Radioactivity Control of Composite Materials Using Low Energy Photon Radiation

“…In Composites Materials for photon interactions, the atomic number cannot be represented uniquely across the entire energy region, as in the case of elements, by a single number. For CM this number is called "effective atomic number" -Z eff , and it varies with energy (Içelli, Erzeneoglu et al 2005;Manohara, Hanagodimath et al 2008). Z eff has a physical meaning and allows many characteristics of a material to be visualized with a number (Singh, Kaur et al 1996).…”

“…This number is a very useful parameter for technology, and in many fields of scientific applications. In such applications the concept of effective atomic numbers Z eff is introduced to describe the properties of these composite materials in terms of an equivalent element (Içelli, Erzeneoglu et al 2005). The Z eff is a convenient parameter for representing the attenuation of γ-rays in a complex medium and particularly in CM (Han, Demir et al 2009).…”

Study of mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and electron densities of carbon steel and stainless steels

“…Effective atomic numbers of spin ice compounds, gaseous mixtures, alcohols, alloys, solid-state neutron track detectors, vitamins and composite mixtures have been obtained (İçelli et al, 2005;Bastug et al, 2010;Medhat, 2011;Demir et al, 2012;Singh and Badiger, 2012a, 2012b, 2013. Mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and electron densities of thermoluminescent dosimetric compounds (Shivaliga et al, 2004) have also been obtained.…”

“…The mass attenuation coefficients, and effective atomic and electron numbers for some alloys such as Cr, Fe and Ni at different energies have been reported (Kaewkhao et al, 2008;Han et al, 2009). The effective atomic numbers of various alloys have been estimated (Prasad et al, 1998;El-Kateb et al, 2000;Murty et al, 2000;İçelli et al, 2005;Akkurt, 2007Akkurt, , 2009). …”

Determination of the effective atomic numbers of Fe$_{x}$Cu$_{1-x} $binary ferroalloys using a nondestructive technique: Rayleigh-to-Compton scattering ratio

“…The literature contains many studies regarding the calculation of Z ef f of alloys using attenuation or scattering methods. Transmission condition or geometry, based on attenuation of * Correspondence: mehmet.buyukyildiz@yalova.edu.tr photons, has been widely used to determine Z ef f of alloys [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. On the other hand, the Rayleigh-to-Compton scattering ratio is a nondestructive technique that provides useful data about the crystal structure and physical properties of materials and is based on the measurement of Rayleigh and Compton scattered photons emerging from the sample of composite material in a suitable source-sample-detector arrangement.…”