Effecting Partial Elimination of Isocyanuric Acid from Swimming Pool Water Systems

Abstract

It is essential to disinfect the water in swimming pools in order to deactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorination of swimming pool water provides rapid and long-lasting disinfection, but leads to the formation of potentially toxic compounds, including isocyanuric acid, that are used to stabilize chlorine in pool water. Hygiene and health guidelines require an isocyanuric acid concentration in swimming pools of 25 to 75 ppm and that there be no level in excess of 100 ppm. This paper provides a new method to partially remove isocyanuric acid from the water of swimming pool systems with the use of melamine-based reagents. A melamine-photometry process stabilizes the isocyanuric acid. The melamine-based reagent that is added to the raw water reacts with the isocyanuric acid and forms a precipitated salt. The reaction also creates turbidity that is proportional to the isocyanuric acid concentration in the water. It was noted in this study that the optimum functioning range of melamine doses in the raw water was 0.04 to 0.06 g/L and that the reduction of isocyanuric acid in raw water increased as the dose of melamine was increased. Thus, it is necessary to obtain an estimate of the dose of melamine that is necessary to reduce the isocyanuric acid in the water without needing to add fresh water from the network to dilute it. Finally, it can be stated that eliminating isocyanuric acid that has accumulated in a pool’s water by treatment with melamine provides an efficient process, as it eliminates the amount of isocyanuric acid that is necessary to conform to the human health criteria of the European Union Directive 2006/7/EC. Treatment with melamine also reduces water network consumption and sewer discharge by successive purges that eventually will become unnecessary. Therefore, this proposed method is environmentally and economically beneficial.

How to Quantify the Adsorption of Cyanuric Acid on Activated Carbon Used from Swimming Pool Disinfection?

“…3 This is intended to prevent recreational water infection, suppress the activation of pathogenic microorganisms, and avoid waterborne diseases. However, in the case of outdoor pools, studies have shown that in sunlight, 75− 90% of chlorine can be wiped out in 2 h. 4 In addition, ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight can also contribute to the degradation of hypochlorous acid (HClO) into hydrochloric acid (HCl). Therefore, in swimming pools, a chlorine stabilizer is used to protect chlorine molecules from degradation and to effectively serve as a disinfectant.…”