Effect, uptake and disposition of nitrobenzene in several terrestrial plants

Abstract

Eight species of plants were exposed to nitrobenzene in a hydroponic solution. Four species experienced no depression of either transpiration or photosynthetic rates, while one was rapidly killed and the other three were temporarily affected but recovered from the treatment. Uptake of nitrobenzene was passive and was shown to be proportional to the rate of water flux in each species. The transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF) was 0.72. The root concentration factor (RCF) was variable between the species and was higher than expected, presumably due to deposits of insoluble metabolic products. All of the species examined displayed a capacity to chemically alter nonpolar nitrobenzene into both polar and insoluble products. Volatilization of nitrobenzene from the leaves was a major route of chemical loss.

Application of Rhizofiltration using Lettuce, Chinese Cabbage, Radish Sprouts and Buttercup for the Remediation of Uranium Contaminated Groundwater

“…인체에 유입되는 우라늄의 가장 지배적인 형태는 중탄산염 착화합물(UO 2 (HCO 3 ) 2 )으로 알려져 있으 며 (Hodge, 1973;Almeida et al, 2004), 인체 내 농도 가 높을 때 신장장애를 초래하는 것으로 보고되고 있고 (CEPA, 2001), 우라늄이 뼈에 축적되면 골격계 암을 유 발할 수 있는 것으로 알려졌다 (Shin et al, 2002). 우라 늄 평균 하루 섭취량은 먹는물 3.7 µg/day, 음식물 (Briggs et al, 1982;Burken and Schnoor, 1997;Dietz and Schnoor, 2001;McFarland et al, 1990;Thompson et al, 1998). 특히 구소련의 체르노빌 사고지 역과 미국의 우라늄 재처리 시설지역을 대상으로 이루어 진 연구 결과로부터 해바라기, 콩을 이용한 식물정화법이 토양과 지하수로부터, 방사능 핵종을 제거하는데 효과가 좋은 것으로 밝혀졌다 (Cornish, 1995;Dushenkov et al, 1997;Dushenkov et al, 1995;Willey and Collins, 1996).…”

Toxicological Benchmarks for Screening Potential Contaminants of Concern for Effects on Terrestrial Plants

“…This was the only concentration tested. 2 In a pot culture starting with 2-year-old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), trees growing in an organic-rich forest soil (pH 4.8), Hagemeyer et al (1993) measured an approximately 25% reduction in annual ring growth in the presence of 5.6 ppm 1M ammonium acetate-extractable Cd when trees were grown for two seasons. Cadmium at 1.1 ppm did not affect growth.…”

“…2 Carlson and Rolfe (1979) found that 100 ppm Cd added as CdCl to a soil was necessary to give 2 a 33% reduction in clipping weight of ryegrass grown in a silt loam soil (pH 5.9, CEC 21 meq/100g soil) from seed.…”

“…While increasing the amount of organic matter in the mixture from 0 to 2%, the concentration of Cd required to reduce plant growth by 20% was increased from 1.25 ppm (lowest concentration tested) to 20 ppm. Hassett et al (1976) measured a 43% reduction in corn root length after 7 days of growth from seed in a loamy sand soil (pH 6.5, % organic matter 2, CEC 2 meq/100g soil) to which 25 ppm Cd (as CdCl ) 2 was added. Cadmium at 15 ppm did not affect growth.…”

“…Jalil et al (1994) measured a 24% reduction in shoot dry weight of 2-d old wheat seedlings when grown for 13 d in nutrient solution (pH 5.5) with 0.1 ppm Cd (as CdCl ; lowest concentration tested). 2 Wang (1994) evaluated the effects of several metals and organic compounds on radicle weight of rice seed germinated and grown for 6 d in solution. The calculated EC for Cd (CdCl ) was 1.4 ppm.…”