Effect Sizes for Interpreting Changes in Health Status

Kazis, Lewis E.; Anderson, Jennifer J.; Meenan, Robert F.

doi:10.1097/00005650-198903001-00015

Cited by 2,175 publications

(1,468 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,379

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Differences between groups at any given point in time were investigated using a t-test for independent samples. The significance of changes in neuropsychological variables was also assessed by the calculation of the effect sizes [26]. An effect size of 0.2 is considered small, 0.5 medium and 0.8 large [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of CPAP on daytime functioning in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome

Muñoz¹,

Mayoralas²,

Barbé³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Daytime sleepiness, impaired cognitive performance and dysphoric mood are often present in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). This prospective controlled study evaluates the effects of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during 1 yr on daytime functioning in a large group of patients with SAS.The authors studied 80 patients (mean SEM 49 1 yrs) with SAS with a mean apnoea-hypopnoea index of 60 2 h -1 , and 80 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age (46 1 yrs.). Measurements were obtained at the beginning of the study and 12 1 months later, and included: daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale), depression and anxiety (Beck tests), vigilance (Steer-Clear1) and reaction time (Psychometer Vigilance Test 1921). Drug, coffee and alcohol intake, as well as the sleep schedule, were also recorded.Results showed that, before treatment, patients were more somnolent (p<0.001), anxious (p<0.01) and depressed (p<0.001) than control subjects. Also, they had a longer reaction time (p<0.05) and poorer vigilance (p<0.01). The use of CPAP improved significantly the levels of somnolence (p<0.0001) and vigilance (p<0.01), but failed to modify anxiety and depression. Reaction time changes were minor. Variables with a potential confounding effect did not change during the study.These results provide firm evidence to substantiate the use of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 676±681.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of CPAP on daytime functioning in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome

Muñoz¹,

Mayoralas²,

Barbé³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…29,30 As to the first method, a Friedman test was used to detect significant changes in consecutive VLT, GRT, FIM and QIF scores across the three measurements between the onset of rehabilitation and discharge with the level of significance set at a ¼ 0.05. A Wilcoxon matched pairs signed-rank test was used to identify which intervals were significantly different.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As to the second and the third method, the standardized response mean (SRM), which is the mean change score divided by the standard deviation (SD) of the change score, 19,28 and the ES, which is the mean change score divided by the SD of the baseline score, 29,30 have been used. In the present study, we refer to 'delta values' as the mean change scores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring change in arm hand skilled performance in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury: responsiveness of the Van Lieshout Test

Spooren¹,

Janssen-Potten²,

Post

et al. 2006

Spinal Cord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To asses whether the Van Lieshout Test (VLT) is responsive to measure changes in arm hand skilled performance (AHSP) over time during active rehabilitation in persons with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI) and in different subgroups of persons with C-SCI according to lesion completeness and to lesion level. Study design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Spinal Cord Injury Units in eight rehabilitation centres across the Netherlands. Methods: In the present study, data from a national SCI cohort study are used. Data from the VLT, the Grasp Release Test (GRT), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Quadriplegia Index of Function (QIF) were recorded at three moments during active rehabilitation: at the start of active rehabilitation (t1), 3 months after t1 (t2) and at discharge (t3). Data have been analysed using three responsiveness measures, that is, the standardized response mean, the effect size and comparison of test scores measured at different times. Results: The VLT is responsive for the intervals t1-3, t1-2 and t2-3. The VLT can be used to measure changes in AHSP in persons with a C-SCI with an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A or B score or an AIS C or D score, as well as in persons with a C3-C6 lesion or a C7-T1 lesion. The responsiveness of the VLT is significantly correlated to the GRT, but not to the FIM and the QIF. Conclusion: The VLT is responsive in measuring changes in AHSP during rehabilitation in persons with C-SCI.

show abstract

“…Here, effect sizes are commonly employed (other methods include using paired t-test comparisons or the responsiveness statistic 8 ), which is a method of calculating the magnitude of change measured by an instrument in a standardized way which allows direct comparisons to be made between different instruments and scales. 13 Table 1 lists details of any instruments identified as being widely used for the assessment of function or mobility in the context of SCI which had received any form of psychometric evaluation in that context, together with brief details of published studies contributing to that evidence.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structured review of outcome measures used for the assessment of rehabilitation interventions for spinal cord injury

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To review the measurement properties of outcome measures of function or mobility currently used in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A keyword search of multiple databases to identify original papers. Papers were reviewed where they had included an evaluation, of people with SCI, of the psychometric properties of an outcome measure, which included functional or mobility domains. Information was extracted concerning item generation, ease and intended method of use and scale properties, in particular: reliability, validity and responsiveness. Conclusions were reached concerning the psychometric properties of each instrument. Results: Eight outcome measures were identified (plus adapted versions). Five had originally been developed specifically for evaluating patients with SCI (chiefly reflecting clinicians' perspectives), the remaining three had not. The psychometric properties of the instruments varied, with some mixed/ contradictory evidence likely relating to differing study sample sizes, characteristics and variable quality. Instruments also varied in stated purpose or emphasis. Conclusion: In addition to weighing evidence concerning measurement properties, users need to consider the stated purpose and item content of instruments in relation to their specific aims. With regard to the former, while reviewed instruments had some flaws, the Spinal cord Independence Measure (revised version III), Quadriplegia Index of Function (Short-form), Needs Assessment Checklist and SIP68 appeared the best, despite limited evidence of their responsiveness.

show abstract

Effect Sizes for Interpreting Changes in Health Status

Cited by 2,175 publications

References 9 publications

Long-term effects of CPAP on daytime functioning in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome

Long-term effects of CPAP on daytime functioning in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome

Measuring change in arm hand skilled performance in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury: responsiveness of the Van Lieshout Test

A structured review of outcome measures used for the assessment of rehabilitation interventions for spinal cord injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About